Wilming Niklas, Kietzmann Tim C, Jutras Megan, Xue Cheng, Treue Stefan, Buffalo Elizabeth A, König Peter
Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Cereb Cortex. 2017 Jan 1;27(1):279-293. doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhw399.
Oculomotor selection exerts a fundamental impact on our experience of the environment. To better understand the underlying principles, researchers typically rely on behavioral data from humans, and electrophysiological recordings in macaque monkeys. This approach rests on the assumption that the same selection processes are at play in both species. To test this assumption, we compared the viewing behavior of 106 humans and 11 macaques in an unconstrained free-viewing task. Our data-driven clustering analyses revealed distinct human and macaque clusters, indicating species-specific selection strategies. Yet, cross-species predictions were found to be above chance, indicating some level of shared behavior. Analyses relying on computational models of visual saliency indicate that such cross-species commonalities in free viewing are largely due to similar low-level selection mechanisms, with only a small contribution by shared higher level selection mechanisms and with consistent viewing behavior of monkeys being a subset of the consistent viewing behavior of humans.
眼动选择对我们的环境体验有着根本性的影响。为了更好地理解其潜在原理，研究人员通常依赖于人类的行为数据以及猕猴的电生理记录。这种方法基于这样一种假设，即相同的选择过程在这两个物种中都起作用。为了检验这一假设，我们在一个无约束的自由观看任务中比较了106名人类和11只猕猴的观看行为。我们的数据驱动聚类分析揭示了人类和猕猴的不同聚类，表明了物种特异性的选择策略。然而，跨物种预测被发现高于随机水平，表明存在一定程度的共同行为。依赖视觉显著性计算模型的分析表明，自由观看中的这种跨物种共性很大程度上是由于相似的低水平选择机制，共享的高水平选择机制贡献较小，并且猕猴一致的观看行为是人类一致观看行为的一个子集。
