Nunes Carlos, Pereira Ana Margarida, Morais-Almeida Mário
Algarve Immunoallergy Center, Portimão, Portugal.
Allergy Center, CUF Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal.
Asthma Res Pract. 2017 Jan 6;3:1. doi: 10.1186/s40733-016-0029-3. eCollection 2017.
In recent decades, both asthma prevalence and incidence have been increasing worldwide, not only due to the genetic background, but mainly because of the effect of a wide number of environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In many countries noncommunicable diseases, like asthma, are not yet considered a healthcare priority. This review will analyze and discuss disparities in asthma management in several countries and regions, such as access to healthcare human resources and medications, due to limited financial capacity to develop strategies to control and prevent this chronic disease. This review tries to explore the social and economic burden of asthma impact on society. Although asthma is generally accepted as a costly illness, the total costs to society (direct, indirect and intangible asthma costs) are difficult to estimate, mainly due to different disease definitions and characterizations but also to the use of different methodologies to assess the asthma socio-economic impact in different societies. The asthma costs are very variables from country to country, however we can estimate that a mean cost per patient per year, including all asthmatics (intermittent, mild, moderate and severe asthma) in Europe is $USD 1,900, which seems lower than USA, estimated mean $USD 3,100.
近几十年来，全球哮喘的患病率和发病率都在上升，这不仅归因于遗传背景，主要还由于大量环境和生活方式风险因素的影响。在许多国家，像哮喘这样的非传染性疾病尚未被视为医疗保健的优先事项。本综述将分析和讨论几个国家和地区在哮喘管理方面的差异，比如由于制定控制和预防这种慢性病策略的财政能力有限，在获得医疗人力资源和药物方面存在的差异。本综述试图探讨哮喘对社会造成的社会和经济负担。尽管哮喘通常被认为是一种代价高昂的疾病，但对社会的总成本（直接、间接和无形的哮喘成本）难以估计，这主要是由于疾病定义和特征不同，也由于在不同社会中评估哮喘社会经济影响所使用的方法不同。各国的哮喘成本差异很大，然而我们可以估计，欧洲每位患者每年的平均成本，包括所有哮喘患者（间歇性、轻度、中度和重度哮喘）为1900美元，这似乎低于美国，美国估计的平均成本为3100美元。
