Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, D-14467 Potsdam, Germany.
Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
Sci Rep. 2017 Jan 12;7:40501. doi: 10.1038/srep40501.
Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.
已探明矿物粉尘和黑碳会降低雪的反照率并加速其融化。本研究通过实地测量和建模，估算了中亚冰川积累区人为黑碳对雪融化的作用。源解析表明，超过 94%的黑碳来自人为的局地排放源，其余则来自自然的生物质燃烧。尽管矿物粉尘的年沉积通量可能是黑碳的 20 倍之多，但我们发现人为黑碳仍是导致雪面黑化的主要因素（平均占比 60%）。这会导致吉尔吉斯斯坦三个不同山区的冰川夏季雪融化速率增加 6.3%（7 厘米/年），这是基于反照率降低和雪融化模型得出的结果。
