Venerando Andrea, Cesaro Luca, Pinna Lorenzo A
Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padova, Italy.
FEBS J. 2017 Jul;284(13):1936-1951. doi: 10.1111/febs.14014. Epub 2017 Feb 11.
The first phosphoprotein (casein) was discovered in 1883, yet the enzyme responsible for its phosphorylation was identified only 130 years later, in 2012. In the intervening time, especially in the last decades of the 1900s, it became evident that, far from being an oddity, phosphorylation affects the majority of eukaryotic proteins during their lifespan, and that this reaction is catalysed by the members of a large family of protein kinases, susceptible to a variety of stimuli controlling nearly every aspect of life and death. The aim of this review is to present a historical account of the main steps of this spectacular revolution, which transformed our conception of a biochemical reaction originally held as a sporadic curiosity into the master mechanism governing cell regulation, and, if it is perturbed, causing cell dysregulation.
第一种磷蛋白（酪蛋白）于1883年被发现，但负责其磷酸化的酶直到130年后的2012年才被鉴定出来。在此期间，尤其是在20世纪的最后几十年，人们逐渐清楚地认识到，磷酸化远非一种奇特现象，而是在大多数真核生物蛋白质的生命周期中都会发生，并且这种反应是由一大类蛋白激酶催化的，这些激酶易受各种刺激影响，几乎控制着生死的方方面面。本综述的目的是对这一惊人变革的主要阶段进行历史回顾，这一变革将我们原本认为是偶尔出现的奇特生化反应的观念，转变为控制细胞调节的主要机制，并且如果受到干扰，会导致细胞调节异常。
