Hirsch Patricia, Nolden Sophie, Koch Iring
Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2017 Mar;43(3):569-580. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000309. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
In the present study, we combined the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm with a novel task-pair switching logic which enabled us to isolate performance costs occurring at the global level of task-pairs. In Experiment 1, in which we used conceptually overlapping responses for Task 1 (T1) and Task 2 (T2), we generated 3 task-pairs by combining 1 of 3 visual tasks (T1) with an auditory task (T2). In addition to worse performance after a short SOA than a long SOA (i.e., PRP effect), we found impaired performance in n - 1 task-pair switches as compared to n - 1 task-pair repetitions (i.e., n - 1 task-pair switch costs), suggesting that task-pairs were activated during dual-task processing. In Experiment 2, we increased the interference between T1 and T2 by using physically overlapping responses and we again observed n - 1 task-pair switch costs. To investigate whether the activation of task-pairs is adjusted by inhibitory control, we looked at the n - 2 task-pair sequence and found performance to be better in n - 2 task-pair repetitions than in n - 2 task-pair switches in both experiments. This n - 2 task-pair repetition benefit was replicated in Experiment 3 in which no immediate task-pair repetitions were included. Hence, the evidence suggests enhanced activation rather than inhibition as a crucial selection mechanism at the global level of dual-task processing. (PsycINFO Database Record
在本研究中，我们将心理不应期（PRP）范式与一种新颖的任务对切换逻辑相结合，这使我们能够分离出在任务对全局层面出现的执行成本。在实验1中，我们对任务1（T1）和任务2（T2）使用了概念上重叠的反应，通过将3个视觉任务（T1）中的1个与一个听觉任务（T2）相结合，生成了3个任务对。除了短刺激间隔（SOA）后的表现比长刺激间隔后的表现更差（即PRP效应）之外，我们还发现与n - 1个任务对重复相比，n - 1个任务对切换时的表现受损（即n - 1个任务对切换成本），这表明在双任务处理过程中任务对被激活了。在实验2中，我们通过使用身体上重叠的反应增加了T1和T2之间的干扰，并且我们再次观察到了n - 1个任务对切换成本。为了研究任务对的激活是否通过抑制控制进行调整，我们查看了n - 2个任务对序列，发现在两个实验中，n - 2个任务对重复的表现都比n - 2个任务对切换的表现更好。在实验3中复制了这种n - 2个任务对重复优势，该实验中不包括直接的任务对重复。因此，有证据表明，在双任务处理的全局层面，增强激活而非抑制是一种关键的选择机制。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
