Strigo Irina A, Craig Arthur D Bud
Research Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Nov 19;371(1708). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0010. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
We briefly review the evidence for distinct neuroanatomical substrates that underlie interoception in humans, and we explain how they substantialize feelings from the body (in the insular cortex) that are conjoined with homeostatic motivations that guide adaptive behaviours (in the cingulate cortex). This hierarchical sensorimotor architecture coincides with the limbic cortical architecture that underlies emotions, and thus we regard interoceptive feelings and their conjoint motivations as homeostatic emotions We describe how bivalent feelings, emotions and sympathovagal balance can be organized and regulated efficiently in the bicameral forebrain as asymmetric positive/negative, approach/avoidance and parasympathetic/sympathetic components. We provide original evidence supporting this organization from studies of cardiorespiratory vagal activity in monkeys and functional imaging studies in healthy humans showing activation modulated by paced breathing and passively viewed emotional images. The neuroanatomical architecture of interoception provides deep insight into the functional organization of all emotional feelings and behaviours in humans.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
我们简要回顾了支持人类内感受存在不同神经解剖学基础的证据，并解释了它们如何将身体感觉（在岛叶皮质）与指导适应性行为的内稳态动机（在扣带回皮质）相结合并实体化。这种分层的感觉运动结构与构成情绪基础的边缘皮质结构一致，因此我们将内感受性感觉及其联合动机视为内稳态情绪。我们描述了在双侧前脑中，二价情感、情绪和交感迷走神经平衡如何作为不对称的正/负、趋近/回避以及副交感神经/交感神经成分被有效地组织和调节。我们通过对猴子心肺迷走神经活动的研究以及对健康人类的功能成像研究提供了支持这一组织的原始证据，这些研究表明激活受有节奏的呼吸和被动观看的情感图像调制。内感受的神经解剖学结构为深入了解人类所有情感感受和行为的功能组织提供了线索。本文是主题为“超越内稳态的内感受：情感、认知和心理健康”特刊的一部分。
