Seth Anil K, Friston Karl J
Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, UCL, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2016 Nov 19;371(1708). doi: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0007. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
We review a recent shift in conceptions of interoception and its relationship to hierarchical inference in the brain. The notion of interoceptive inference means that bodily states are regulated by autonomic reflexes that are enslaved by descending predictions from deep generative models of our internal and external milieu. This re-conceptualization illuminates several issues in cognitive and clinical neuroscience with implications for experiences of selfhood and emotion. We first contextualize interoception in terms of active (Bayesian) inference in the brain, highlighting its enactivist (embodied) aspects. We then consider the key role of uncertainty or precision and how this might translate into neuromodulation. We next examine the implications for understanding the functional anatomy of the emotional brain, surveying recent observations on agranular cortex. Finally, we turn to theoretical issues, namely, the role of interoception in shaping a sense of embodied self and feelings. We will draw links between physiological homoeostasis and allostasis, early cybernetic ideas of predictive control and hierarchical generative models in predictive processing. The explanatory scope of interoceptive inference ranges from explanations for autism and depression, through to consciousness. We offer a brief survey of these exciting developments.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interoception beyond homeostasis: affect, cognition and mental health'.
我们回顾了近期关于内感受及其与大脑层次推理关系的概念转变。内感受推理的概念意味着身体状态由自主反射调节，而这些自主反射受我们内部和外部环境深度生成模型的下行预测所支配。这种重新概念化阐明了认知和临床神经科学中的几个问题，对自我和情感体验具有启示意义。我们首先从大脑中的主动（贝叶斯）推理角度来阐述内感受，突出其具身化（体现）的方面。然后我们考虑不确定性或精度的关键作用以及它如何转化为神经调节。接下来，我们研究其对理解情感大脑功能解剖学的影响，审视关于无颗粒皮质的近期观察结果。最后，我们转向理论问题，即内感受在塑造具身自我感和情感方面的作用。我们将生理稳态和应变稳态、预测控制的早期控制论思想以及预测处理中的层次生成模型联系起来。内感受推理的解释范围涵盖从自闭症和抑郁症的解释到意识的解释。我们简要概述这些令人兴奋的进展。本文是主题为“超越稳态的内感受：情感、认知与心理健康”特刊的一部分。
