You R S, Serniclaes W, Rider D, Chabane N
Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Parma, Italy; Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, France.
Laboratoire de Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France; UNESCOG, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.
Res Dev Disabil. 2017 Feb;61:158-171. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.009. Epub 2017 Jan 9.
Previous studies have claimed to show deficits in the perception of speech sounds in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The aim of the current study was to clarify the nature of such deficits. Children with ASD might only exhibit a lesser amount of precision in the perception of phoneme categories (CPR deficit). However, these children might further present an allophonic mode of speech perception, similar to the one evidenced in dyslexia, characterised by enhanced discrimination of acoustic differences within phoneme categories. Allophonic perception usually gives rise to a categorical perception (CP) deficit, characterised by a weaker coherence between discrimination and identification of speech sounds. The perceptual performance of ASD children was compared to that of control children of the same chronological age. Identification and discrimination data were collected for continua of natural vowels, synthetic vowels, and synthetic consonants. Results confirmed that children with ASD exhibit a CPR deficit for the three stimulus continua. These children further exhibited a trend toward allophonic perception that was, however, not accompanied by the usual CP deficit. These findings confirm that the commonly found CPR deficit is also present in ASD. Whether children with ASD also present allophonic perception requires further investigations.
以往的研究称，自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）患者存在语音感知缺陷。本研究的目的是阐明此类缺陷的本质。患有ASD的儿童可能仅在音素类别感知方面表现出较低的精确度（CPR缺陷）。然而，这些儿童可能还会呈现出一种类似诵读困难症患者所表现出的音位变体语音感知模式，其特征是对音素类别内声学差异的辨别能力增强。音位变体感知通常会导致范畴感知（CP）缺陷，其特征是语音辨别与识别之间的连贯性较弱。将患有ASD的儿童的感知表现与相同实足年龄的对照儿童进行比较。收集了自然元音、合成元音和合成辅音连续体的识别和辨别数据。结果证实，患有ASD的儿童在三种刺激连续体上均表现出CPR缺陷。这些儿童还表现出一种音位变体感知的趋势，然而，这种趋势并未伴随着通常的CP缺陷。这些发现证实，常见的CPR缺陷在ASD中也存在。患有ASD的儿童是否也存在音位变体感知，还需要进一步研究。
