Ilinsky Yury, Kosterin Oleg E
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Institute of Chemistry and Biology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia.
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2017 Apr;109:164-179. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.034. Epub 2017 Jan 8.
Wolbachia are common endosymbiotic bacteria of Arthropoda and Nematoda that are ordinarily transmitted vertically in host lineages through the egg cytoplasm. Despite the great interest in the Wolbachia symbiont, many issues of its biology remain unclear, including its evolutionary history, routes of transfer among species, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the symbiont's effect on its host. In this report, we present data relating to Wolbachia infection in 120 species of 13 Lepidoptera families, mostly butterflies, from West Siberian localities based on Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and the wsp locus and perform a comprehensive survey of the distribution of Wolbachia and its genetic diversity in Lepidoptera worldwide. We observed a high infection incidence in the studied region; this finding is probably also true for other temperate latitude regions because many studied species have broad Palearctic and even Holarctic distribution. Although 40 new MLST alleles and 31 new STs were described, there was no noticeable difference in the MLST allele content in butterflies and probably also in moths worldwide. A genetic analysis of Wolbachia strains revealed the MLST allele core in lepidopteran hosts worldwide, viz. the ST-41 allele content. The key finding of our study was the detection of rampant recombination among MLST haplotypes. High rates of homologous recombination between Wolbachia strains indicate a substantial contribution of genetic exchanges to the generation of new STs. This finding should be considered when discussing issues related to the reconstruction of Wolbachia evolution, divergence time, and the routes of Wolbachia transmission across arthropod hosts.
沃尔巴克氏体是节肢动物和线虫中常见的内共生细菌，通常通过卵细胞质在宿主谱系中垂直传播。尽管人们对沃尔巴克氏体共生体非常感兴趣，但其生物学的许多问题仍不清楚，包括其进化历史、物种间的转移途径以及共生体对宿主产生影响的分子机制。在本报告中，我们基于多位点序列分型（MLST）和wsp基因座，展示了来自西西伯利亚地区13个鳞翅目科（主要是蝴蝶）120个物种中沃尔巴克氏体感染的数据，并对全球鳞翅目中沃尔巴克氏体的分布及其遗传多样性进行了全面调查。我们在所研究的区域观察到了高感染率；这一发现可能对其他温带地区也成立，因为许多被研究的物种具有广泛的古北区甚至全北区分布。尽管描述了40个新的MLST等位基因和31个新的序列型（ST），但全球蝴蝶以及可能还有蛾类的MLST等位基因含量没有明显差异。对沃尔巴克氏体菌株的遗传分析揭示了全球鳞翅目宿主中的MLST等位基因核心，即ST-41等位基因含量。我们研究的关键发现是检测到MLST单倍型之间存在大量重组。沃尔巴克氏体菌株之间的高同源重组率表明基因交换对新ST的产生有重大贡献。在讨论与沃尔巴克氏体进化重建、分歧时间以及沃尔巴克氏体在节肢动物宿主间传播途径相关的问题时，应考虑这一发现。
