School of Social Work, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts.
Gerontologist. 2018 Jan 18;58(1):196-206. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw187.
We aimed to investigate the interactive effects of perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion on the psychological health of older adults with and without functional impairments.
This cross-sectional study included 13,897 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years and older) from the 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). Hypotheses were tested using weighted moderated ordinary least squared regression analysis.
Perceived neighborhood safety was significantly associated with psychological health regardless of respondents' physical functioning, although the effect was greater among older adults with functional limitations. Perceived social cohesion, however, was only significantly related to psychological health among those with functional limitations. Among physically impaired respondents, social cohesion buffered the ill-effect of an unsafe neighborhood on psychological health.
Findings suggest that efforts to promote perceived neighborhood safety and social cohesion are essential to the well-being of older adults. Special attention should be paid to older adults with functional limitations, who appear to be more vulnerable to the negative effects of neighborhood environments.
本研究旨在探讨老年人感知邻里安全和社会凝聚力对有和无功能障碍者心理健康的交互影响。
本横断面研究纳入了来自 2011-2012 年加利福尼亚健康访谈调查（CHIS）的 13897 名社区居住的老年人（年龄≥65 岁）。采用加权适度普通最小二乘回归分析检验假设。
无论受访者的身体机能如何，感知邻里安全与心理健康显著相关，尽管在有功能障碍的老年人中，这种关联更强。然而，感知社会凝聚力仅与有功能障碍的老年人的心理健康显著相关。在身体功能受损的受访者中，社会凝聚力缓冲了不安全邻里环境对心理健康的不良影响。
研究结果表明，促进感知邻里安全和社会凝聚力的努力对于老年人的福祉至关重要。应特别关注有功能障碍的老年人，他们似乎更容易受到邻里环境负面影响的影响。
