Oliveira-Silva Iransé, Leicht Anthony S, Moraes Milton R, Simões Herbert G, Del Rosso Sebastián, Córdova Cláudio, Boullosa Daniel A
Post-Graduate Program in Physical Education, Catholic University of BrasiliaÁguas Claras, Brazil; Physical Education, UniEVANGÉLICA - Centro UniversitárioAnápolis, Brazil.
Sport and Exercise Science, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University Townsville, QLD, Australia.
Front Physiol. 2016 Dec 27;7:648. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00648. eCollection 2016.
The aim of this study was to examine the influence of physical fitness on cardiac autonomic control in passengers prior to, during and following commercial flights. Twenty-two, physically active men (36.4 ± 6.4 years) undertook assessments of physical fitness followed by recordings of 24-h heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) on a Control (no flight) and Experimental (flight) day. Recordings were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures with relationships between variables examined via Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Compared to the Control day, 24-h HR was significantly greater (>7%) and HRV measures (5-39%) significantly lower on the Experimental day. During the 1-h flight, HR (24%), and BP (6%) were increased while measures of HRV (26-45%) were reduced. Absolute values of HRV during the Experimental day and relative changes in HRV measures (Control-Experimental) were significantly correlated with measures of aerobic fitness ( = 0.43 to 0.51; -0.53 to -0.52) and body composition ( = -0.63 to -0.43; 0.48-0.61). The current results demonstrated that short-term commercial flying significantly altered cardiovascular function including the reduction of parasympathetic modulations. Further, greater physical fitness and lower body fat composition were associated with greater cardiac autonomic control for passengers during flights. Enhanced physical fitness and leaner body composition may enable passengers to cope better with the cardiovascular stress and high allostatic load associated with air travel for enhanced passenger well-being.
本研究的目的是考察商业飞行前、飞行期间及飞行后乘客的体能对心脏自主控制的影响。22名身体活跃的男性（36.4±6.4岁）进行了体能评估，随后在对照日（无飞行）和实验日（飞行）记录了24小时心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和血压（BP）。使用重复测量的双向方差分析对记录进行分析，并通过Pearson积差相关系数检验变量之间的关系。与对照日相比，实验日的24小时HR显著更高（>7%），HRV指标显著更低（5 - 39%）。在1小时的飞行过程中，HR（24%）和BP（6%）升高，而HRV指标（26 - 45%）降低。实验日HRV的绝对值以及HRV指标的相对变化（对照 - 实验）与有氧适能指标（r = 0.43至0.51； - 0.53至 - 0.52）和身体成分指标（r = - 0.63至 - 0.43；0.48 - 0.61）显著相关。当前结果表明，短期商业飞行显著改变了心血管功能，包括副交感神经调节的降低。此外，更高的体能和更低的体脂成分与飞行期间乘客更好的心脏自主控制相关。增强的体能和更瘦的身体成分可能使乘客更好地应对与航空旅行相关的心血管压力和高应激负荷，从而提高乘客的幸福感。
