Monterubbianesi Riccardo, Orsini Giovanna, Tosi Giorgio, Conti Carla, Librando Vito, Procaccini Maurizio, Putignano Angelo
Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona, Italy.
Department of Materials, Environmental Science and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche Ancona, Italy.
Front Physiol. 2016 Dec 27;7:652. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00652. eCollection 2016.
The aims of this study were to evaluate the degree of conversion and the microhardness properties of five bulk fill resin composites; in addition, the performance of two curing lamps, used for composites polymerization, was also analyzed. The following five resin-based bulk fill composites were tested: SureFil SDR®, Fill Up!™, Filtek™, SonicFill™, and SonicFill2™. Samples of 4 mm in thickness were prepared using Teflon molds filled in one increment and light-polymerized using two LED power units. Ten samples for each composite were cured using Elipar S10 and 10 using Demi Ultra. Additional samples of SonicFill2, (3 and 5 mm-thick) were also tested. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by Raman spectroscopy, while the Vickers microhardness (VMH) was evaluated using a microhardness tester. The experimental evaluation was carried out on top and bottom sides, immediately after curing (t0), and, on bottom, after 24 h (t24). Two-ways analysis of variance was applied to evaluate DC and VMH-values. In all analyses, the level of significance was set at < 0.05. All bulk fill resin composites recorded satisfactory DCs on top and bottom sides. At t0, the top of SDR and SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (85.56 ± 9.52 and 85.47 ± 1.90, respectively), when cured using Elipar S10; using Demi Ultra, SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (90.53 ± 2.18). At t0, the highest DCs-values of bottom sides were recorded by SDR (84.64 ± 11.68), when cured using Elipar S10, and Filtek (81.52 ± 4.14), using Demi Ultra. On top sides, Demi Ultra lamp showed significant higher DCs compared to the Elipar S10 ( < 0.05). SonicFill2 reached suitable DCs also on bottom of 5 mm-thick samples. At t0, VMH-values ranged between 24.4 and 69.18 for Elipar S10, and between 26.5 and 67.3 for Demi Ultra. Using both lamps, the lowest VMH-values were shown by SDR, while the highest values by SonicFill2. At t24, all DC and VMH values significantly increased. Differences in DC and VMH among materials are suggested to be material and curing lamp dependent. Even at t0, the three high viscosity bulk composites showed higher VMH than the flowable or dual curing composites.
本研究的目的是评估五种大块充填树脂复合材料的转化率和显微硬度特性；此外，还分析了用于复合材料聚合的两种固化灯的性能。测试了以下五种树脂基大块充填复合材料：SureFil SDR®、Fill Up!™、Filtek™、SonicFill™和SonicFill2™。使用聚四氟乙烯模具制备厚度为4mm的样品，一次填入材料并使用两个LED功率单元进行光聚合。每种复合材料制备10个样品使用Elipar S10固化，另外10个使用Demi Ultra固化。还测试了SonicFill2的额外样品（3mm和5mm厚）。通过拉曼光谱法测定转化率（DC），使用显微硬度测试仪评估维氏显微硬度（VMH）。在固化后立即（t0）对顶面和底面进行实验评估，并在24小时后（t24）对底面进行评估。应用双向方差分析来评估DC和VMH值。在所有分析中显著水平设定为<0.05。所有大块充填树脂复合材料在顶面和底面都记录了令人满意的DC值。在t0时，当使用Elipar S10固化时，SDR和SonicFill2的顶面显示出最高的DC值（分别为85.56±9.52和85.47±1.90）；使用Demi Ultra时，SonicFill2显示出最高的DC值（90.53±2.18）。在t0时，当使用Elipar S10固化时，SDR记录了底面的最高DC值（84.64±11.68），使用Demi Ultra时，Filtek记录了底面的最高DC值（81.52±4.14）。在顶面上，与Elipar S10相比，Demi Ultra灯显示出显著更高的DC值（<0.05）。SonicFill2在5mm厚样品的底面也达到了合适的DC值。在t0时，Elipar S10的VMH值在24.4至69.18之间，Demi Ultra的VMH值在26.5至67.3之间。使用两种灯时，SDR显示出最低的VMH值，而SonicFill2显示出最高的值。在t24时，所有DC和VMH值均显著增加。材料之间DC和VMH的差异表明取决于材料和固化灯。即使在t0时，三种高粘度大块复合材料也显示出比可流动或双重固化复合材料更高的VMH。
