Varela-Calvino Rubén, Calviño-Sampedro Cristina, Gómez-Touriño Iria, Cordero Oscar J
Departmento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida s/n, 15782, Santiago, A Coruña, Spain.
Department of Immunobiology, Guy's Hospital, King's College, London, UK.
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz). 2017 Aug;65(4):275-284. doi: 10.1007/s00005-016-0452-4. Epub 2017 Jan 12.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most studied archetypal organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Although many clinical, epidemiological, and pathological characteristics have been described, there are still important issues which need to be resolved as these will have a major impact on the development of future antigen-specific immunotherapies. An important question relates to T lymphocytes in the development of the disease, in particular their role in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. Since the discovery that certain class II histocompatibility complex molecules (HLA) are linked to the development of T1D, much research has focused on CD4 helper T lymphocytes; however, recent studies highlight class I HLA molecules as an independent risk factor; hence, research into the role played by CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes has gained momentum. In this review, we summarize recent studies clarifying the role played by both sets of autoreactive T lymphocytes in T1D, discuss the targets recognized by these cells and their phenotype in T1D patients. Finally, we will examine the possible generation of regulatory CD8 T lymphocytes upon different immuno-intervention strategies.
1型糖尿病（T1D）是研究最为深入的典型器官特异性自身免疫性疾病之一。尽管已经描述了许多临床、流行病学和病理学特征，但仍有一些重要问题需要解决，因为这些问题将对未来抗原特异性免疫疗法的发展产生重大影响。一个重要问题涉及疾病发展过程中的T淋巴细胞，特别是它们在破坏产生胰岛素的β细胞中的作用。自从发现某些II类组织相容性复合体分子（HLA）与T1D的发展有关以来，许多研究都集中在CD4辅助性T淋巴细胞上；然而，最近的研究强调I类HLA分子是一个独立的危险因素；因此，对CD8细胞毒性T淋巴细胞所起作用的研究已得到加强。在这篇综述中，我们总结了最近阐明这两组自身反应性T淋巴细胞在T1D中所起作用的研究，讨论了这些细胞在T1D患者中识别的靶标及其表型。最后，我们将研究不同免疫干预策略下调节性CD8 T淋巴细胞的可能产生情况。
