Unsworth Nash, Robison Matthew K
Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2017 Apr;79(3):782-795. doi: 10.3758/s13414-016-1272-7.
The pupillary light reflex (PLR) was used to track covert shifts of attention to items maintained in visual working memory (VWM). In three experiments, participants performed a change detection task in which rectangles appeared on either side of fixation and at test participants indicated if the cued rectangle changed its orientation. Prior to presentation or during the delay, participants were cued to the light or dark side of the screen. When cued to the light side, the pupil constricted, and when cued to the dark side, the pupil dilated, suggesting that the PLR tracked covert shifts of attention. Similar covert shifts of attention were seen when the target stimuli remained onscreen and during a blank delay period, suggesting similar effects for attention to perceptual stimuli and attention to stimuli maintained in VWM. Furthermore, similar effects were demonstrated when participants were pre-cued or retro-cued to the prioritized location, suggesting that shifts of covert attention can occur both before and after target presentation. These results are consistent with prior research, suggesting an important role of covert shifts of attention during VWM maintenance and that the PLR can be used to track these covert shifts of attention.
瞳孔光反射（PLR）被用于追踪对视觉工作记忆（VWM）中所保持项目的隐蔽性注意力转移。在三个实验中，参与者执行了一项变化检测任务，其中矩形出现在注视点的两侧，在测试时参与者要指出被提示的矩形是否改变了其方向。在呈现之前或延迟期间，参与者会被提示看向屏幕的亮侧或暗侧。当被提示看向亮侧时，瞳孔收缩，而当被提示看向暗侧时，瞳孔扩张，这表明瞳孔光反射追踪了隐蔽性注意力转移。当目标刺激物保留在屏幕上以及在空白延迟期时，也观察到了类似的隐蔽性注意力转移，这表明对感知刺激的注意力和对VWM中所保持刺激的注意力有类似的效果。此外，当参与者被预先提示或回溯提示到优先位置时，也证明了类似的效果，这表明隐蔽性注意力转移可以在目标呈现之前和之后发生。这些结果与先前的研究一致，表明在VWM维持过程中隐蔽性注意力转移具有重要作用，并且瞳孔光反射可用于追踪这些隐蔽性注意力转移。
