Maxwell S M, Hull M L
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Davis 95616.
J Biomech. 1989;22(6-7):609-24. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(89)90012-2.
The study focusses on the prevention of knee injuries during snow skiing. In order to develop a technology of knee injury prevention, both the strength and loading on the knee during skiing activity must be known. This paper reports measurements of variables influencing both knee strength and loading of the joint. The strength variables measured included the degree of activity in six muscles crossing the knee, the knee flexion angle, and the axial load (i.e. weight bearing) transmitted to the knee. Transducers included surface electrodes to monitor electromyogram signals indicating the degree of muscle activity and a goniometer to measure both hip and knee flexion angles. The complete loading on the knee was derived from a dynamometer which measured the six load components at the boot-dynamometer interface. The transducer data were acquired and stored by a compact, battery powered digital data acquisition-controller system. Three male subjects of similar physical size (nominal was 1.8 m and 75 kg) and skiing ability (advanced intermediate to expert) were tested under similar conditions. Each subject skied a total of four slalom runs--one snowplow and three parallel. The total time of each test was 21 s. Example data plots from different types of runs are presented and discussed. Based on observations from the data, necessary performance features for ski bindings offering improved protection from knee ligamentous injuries are defined.
该研究聚焦于滑雪过程中膝关节损伤的预防。为了开发一种预防膝关节损伤的技术，必须了解滑雪活动中膝关节的力量和负荷情况。本文报告了影响膝关节力量和关节负荷的变量的测量结果。所测量的力量变量包括跨越膝关节的六块肌肉的活动程度、膝关节屈曲角度以及传递到膝关节的轴向负荷（即负重）。传感器包括用于监测表明肌肉活动程度的肌电图信号的表面电极以及用于测量髋关节和膝关节屈曲角度的测角仪。膝关节的完整负荷来自一个测力计，该测力计在靴子 - 测力计界面处测量六个负荷分量。传感器数据由一个紧凑的、电池供电的数字数据采集 - 控制器系统采集和存储。在相似条件下对三名身体尺寸相近（身高标称1.8米，体重75千克）且滑雪能力相当（中高级至专家级）的男性受试者进行了测试。每位受试者总共进行了四次回转滑雪——一次犁式制动滑降和三次平行滑降。每次测试的总时长为21秒。展示并讨论了来自不同类型滑降的示例数据图。基于从数据中观察到的结果，定义了对预防膝关节韧带损伤具有更好保护作用的滑雪固定器的必要性能特征。
