Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University , 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan.
Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University , 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan.
Chem Rev. 2017 May 24;117(10):7190-7239. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00504. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
Ionic liquids (ILs) are liquids consisting entirely of ions and can be further defined as molten salts having melting points lower than 100 °C. One of the most important research areas for IL utilization is undoubtedly their energy application, especially for energy storage and conversion materials and devices, because there is a continuously increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy. In this article, various application of ILs are reviewed by focusing on their use as electrolyte materials for Li/Na ion batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, Li-oxygen batteries, and nonhumidified fuel cells and as carbon precursors for electrode catalysts of fuel cells and electrode materials for batteries and supercapacitors. Due to their characteristic properties such as nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and high ionic conductivity, ILs appear to meet the rigorous demands/criteria of these various applications. However, for further development, specific applications for which these characteristic properties become unique (i.e., not easily achieved by other materials) must be explored. Thus, through strong demands for research and consideration of ILs unique properties, we will be able to identify indispensable applications for ILs.
离子液体（ILs）是完全由离子组成的液体，可进一步定义为熔点低于 100°C 的熔融盐。IL 利用的最重要的研究领域之一无疑是其在能源方面的应用，特别是在储能和转换材料和设备方面，因为对清洁和可持续能源的需求不断增加。本文通过关注 ILs 作为锂离子电池、锂硫电池、锂氧电池和非加湿燃料电池的电解质材料的用途，以及作为燃料电池的电极催化剂和电池和超级电容器的电极材料的碳前体的用途，综述了 ILs 的各种应用。由于其非挥发性、高热稳定性和高离子导电性等特性，ILs 似乎满足了这些各种应用的严格要求/标准。然而，为了进一步发展，必须探索这些特性变得独特的特定应用（即不易通过其他材料实现）。因此，通过对研究的强烈需求和对 ILs 独特性质的考虑，我们将能够确定 ILs 的不可或缺的应用。
