Fieseler Georg, Hermassi Souhail, Hoffmeyer Birgit, Schulze Stephan, Irlenbusch Lars, Bartels Thomas, Delank Karl-Stefan, Laudner Kevin G, Schwesig René
Division for Shoulder Surgery and Sports Medicine, Helios Clinic, Warburg, Germany.
Research Unit, Sport Performance and Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar Saîd, University of "La Manouba, " Tunis, Tunisia -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Jul-Aug;57(7-8):985-992. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.06938-9. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
The primary aim of the study was to examine the anthropometric characteristics as well as throwing and sprinting performance of professional handball players classified by playing position and competition level.
21 male players (age: 25.2±5.1 years) from the first German handball league (FGL) and 34 male players (age: 26.1±4.1 years) from the third German handball league (TGL) were categorized as backs, pivots, wings and goalkeepers. Measurements included anthropometric data (height, mass and body mass index (BMI)), throwing and sprinting performance selected out of a complex handball test (HBCT), which was conducted twice (2 rounds). During the HBCT, the subjects performed two sprints (10, 20 m), two standing throws with run-up (ST) and four vertical jump throws (VJT) over a hurdle (20 cm) with and without precision for goal shot.
The anthropometric data revealed a significantly (P=0.038 and η2=0.079) shorter body height for TGL than for FGL players. In the cohort of first league athletes the pivots were the tallest (1.98±0.04 m), backs in the third league showed the maximum body height (1.90±0.05 m). Regarding body mass, pivots were the heaviest players independent from the league membership. The FGL players showed a significantly (P<0.05 and η2>0.10) higher throwing velocity in all type of throws. Body height was significantly related to ST (r=0.53) and VJT (r=0.52) in the first round of HBCT but only for the FGL athletes. Throwing velocity was also correlated with BMI (r=-0.50) among the TGL players.
Substantial differences of body characteristics, throwing and sprinting performance between playing positions and competitive levels underline the importance of a careful scouting and position-specific training for professional handball players.
本研究的主要目的是考察按比赛位置和竞技水平分类的职业手球运动员的人体测量学特征以及投掷和短跑表现。
来自德国手球甲级联赛（FGL）的21名男性运动员（年龄：25.2±5.1岁）和来自德国手球丙级联赛（TGL）的34名男性运动员（年龄：26.1±4.1岁）被分为后卫、中锋、边锋和守门员。测量内容包括人体测量数据（身高、体重和体重指数（BMI）），以及从一项复杂的手球测试（HBCT）中选取的投掷和短跑表现，该测试进行了两次（2轮）。在HBCT期间，受试者进行了两次短跑（10米、20米）、两次助跑立定投掷（ST）以及四次越过20厘米高栏的垂直跳投（VJT），有或没有精准的射门。
人体测量数据显示，TGL运动员的身高显著（P = 0.038，η2 = 0.079）低于FGL运动员。在甲级联赛运动员群体中，中锋最高（1.98±0.04米），丙级联赛中的后卫身高最高（1.90±0.05米）。关于体重，无论所属联赛如何，中锋都是最重的球员。FGL运动员在所有类型的投掷中都表现出显著更高（P < 0.05，η2 > 0.10）的投掷速度。在HBCT的第一轮中，身高与ST（r = 0.53）和VJT（r = 0.52）显著相关，但仅适用于FGL运动员。在TGL运动员中，投掷速度也与BMI相关（r = -0.50）。
比赛位置和竞技水平之间在身体特征、投掷和短跑表现方面存在显著差异，这突出了对职业手球运动员进行仔细选拔和针对性训练的重要性。
