Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry-Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2017 Aug 7;56(33):9680-9703. doi: 10.1002/anie.201610129. Epub 2017 Jul 17.
The goal of xenobiology is to design biological systems endowed with unusual biochemical functions, whereas enzymology concerns the study of enzymes, the workhorses of biocatalysis. Biocatalysis employs enzymes and organisms to perform useful biotransformations in synthetic chemistry and biotechnology. During the past few years, the effects of incorporating noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into enzymes with potential applications in biocatalysis have been increasingly investigated. In this Review, we provide an overview of the effects of new chemical functionalities that have been introduced into proteins to improve various facets of enzymatic catalysis. We also discuss future research avenues that will complement unnatural mutagenesis with standard protein engineering to produce novel and versatile biocatalysts with applications in synthetic organic chemistry and biotechnology.
异源生物学的目标是设计具有独特生化功能的生物系统，而酶学则涉及对酶的研究，酶是生物催化的主力军。生物催化利用酶和生物体在合成化学和生物技术中进行有用的生物转化。在过去的几年中，人们越来越多地研究将非天然氨基酸（ncAAs）引入酶中的效果，这些酶在生物催化中有潜在的应用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了引入蛋白质中的新化学官能团对改善酶催化的各个方面的影响。我们还讨论了未来的研究方向，这些方向将通过非天然诱变和标准蛋白质工程来互补，以生产具有在合成有机化学和生物技术中应用的新型多功能生物催化剂。
