Sylvetsky Allison C, Jin Yichen, Clark Elena J, Welsh Jean A, Rother Kristina I, Talegawkar Sameera A
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Mar;117(3):441-448.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.11.004. Epub 2017 Jan 10.
Consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) has increased markedly during the past several decades, yet the prevalence of LCS consumption in recent years is currently unknown.
The aim of this study was to describe LCS consumption in the United States and to characterize consumption by sociodemographic subgroups, source, frequency, eating occasion, and location.
Cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2009 to 2012. The prevalence of LCS consumption was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls, while the frequency (number of times per day), occasion (meal vs snack vs alone), and location of LCS consumption (at home vs away from home) was assessed using data from the one, in-person, 24-hour dietary recall.
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants (2 years old or older) either in 2009-2010 (n=9,047) or in 2011-2012 (n=7,939). After excluding participants with implausible energy intake (n=44), the final sample size was 16,942.
The primary outcome was the proportion of individuals consuming one or more foods, beverages, or packets containing LCSs during at least one of their two dietary recalls.
Data were weighted to provide national estimates and Stata frequency procedures for complex survey design were used for all analyses.
Our findings were that 25.1% of children and 41.4% adults reported consuming LCSs. Most LCS consumers reported use once daily (80% of children, 56% of adults) and frequency of consumption increased with body weight in adults. LCS consumption was higher in females compared with males among adults, and in obese individuals, compared with overweight and normal-weight individuals. Individuals of non-Hispanic white race/ethnicity also had higher prevalence of consumption compared with non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics and those in the highest tertile of income had higher LCS consumption compared with individuals of middle or low income across LCS product categories in adults, and for LCS beverages and LCS foods in children. Most LCS consumers reported consuming LCS with meals (64% of adults, 62% of children) and the majority of LCS consumption occurred at home (71% and 72% among adults and children, respectively).
LCS consumption is highly prevalent in the United States, among both children and adults. Well-controlled, prospective trials are required to understand the health impact of this widespread LCS exposure.
在过去几十年中，低热量甜味剂（LCSs）的消费量显著增加，但近年来LCSs的消费流行率目前尚不清楚。
本研究的目的是描述美国LCSs的消费情况，并按社会人口统计学亚组、来源、频率、进食场合和地点对消费特征进行描述。
采用2009年至2012年国家健康与营养检查调查数据进行横断面研究。使用两次24小时饮食回忆评估LCSs消费的流行率，而使用一次24小时现场饮食回忆的数据评估LCSs消费的频率（每天次数）、场合（正餐、零食或单独食用）以及消费地点（在家或不在家）。
2009 - 2010年（n = 9047）或2011 - 2012年（n = 7939）的国家健康与营养检查调查参与者（2岁及以上）。在排除能量摄入不合理的参与者（n = 44）后，最终样本量为16942。
主要结局是在两次饮食回忆中的至少一次中，食用一种或多种含有LCSs的食品、饮料或包装的个体比例。
对数据进行加权以提供全国估计值，并对所有分析使用复杂调查设计的Stata频率程序。
我们的研究发现，25.1%的儿童和41.4%的成年人报告食用过LCSs。大多数LCSs消费者报告每天食用一次（儿童中的80%，成年人中的56%），并且成年人的消费频率随体重增加而增加。在成年人中，女性的LCSs消费量高于男性，在肥胖个体中，高于超重和正常体重个体。非西班牙裔白人种族/族裔个体的消费流行率也高于非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔个体，并且在成年人中，收入最高三分位数的个体在各类LCS产品中的LCSs消费量高于中等或低收入个体，在儿童中，LCS饮料和LCS食品的消费量也是如此。大多数LCSs消费者报告在进餐时食用LCSs（成年人中的64%，儿童中的62%），并且大多数LCSs消费发生在家中（成年人和儿童中分别为71%和72%）。
LCSs消费在美国儿童和成年人中都非常普遍。需要进行严格控制的前瞻性试验，以了解这种广泛的LCSs暴露对健康的影响。
