Roddy Erika, Chapman Jocelyn
School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
Curr Probl Cancer. 2017 Jan-Feb;41(1):8-36. doi: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.001. Epub 2016 Nov 11.
Recent technological advances in DNA sequencing have enabled a remarkably detailed understanding of the molecular changes that define gynecologic and other cancers. Several groups have carried out large-scale genomic analyses of ovarian, uterine, and most recently, cervical cancer. These analyses have led to new insights into the molecular changes characterizing these cancers, which provide insight into clinical outcomes. These molecular characterizations have similarly led to new genomic-based classification schemas, which may better stratify clinical outcomes, help prognosticate and guide treatments. Discovery of characteristic mutations may also provide potential new targets for molecularly targeted chemotherapies, as has been already described with poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors and ovarian cancer. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the defining molecular abnormalities and markers in gynecologic cancer, to discuss the clinical implications, and to provide a comprehensive view of the current state of genomic knowledge in gynecologic cancer.
DNA测序技术的最新进展使人们能够对定义妇科癌症和其他癌症的分子变化有非常详细的了解。几个研究小组已经对卵巢癌、子宫癌以及最近的宫颈癌进行了大规模的基因组分析。这些分析为这些癌症的分子变化带来了新的见解，有助于深入了解临床结果。这些分子特征同样带来了新的基于基因组的分类方案，这可能会更好地对临床结果进行分层，有助于预后判断并指导治疗。特征性突变的发现也可能为分子靶向化疗提供潜在的新靶点，就像聚ADP核糖聚合酶抑制剂与卵巢癌的情况一样。本文的目的是概述妇科癌症中决定性的分子异常和标志物，讨论其临床意义，并全面介绍妇科癌症基因组知识的现状。
