Samiksha Shilpi, Sunder Raman Ramya, Nirmalkar Jayant, Kumar Samresh, Sirvaiya Rohit
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India; Center for Research on Environmental and Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Environ Pollut. 2017 Mar;222:477-485. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.11.067. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Size classified (PM and PM) paved and unpaved road dust chemical source profiles, optical attenuation and potential health risk from exposure to these sources are reported in this study. A total of 45 samples from 9 paved road and 6 unpaved road sites located in and around Bhopal were re-suspended in the laboratory, collected onto filter substrates and subjected to a variety of chemical analyses. In general, road dust was enriched (compared to upper continental crustal abundance) in anthropogenic pollutants including Sb, Cu, Zn, Co, and Pb. Organic and elemental carbon (OC/EC) in PM and PM size fractions were 50-75% higher in paved road dust compared to their counterparts in unpaved road dust. Further, the results suggest that when it is not possible to include carbon fractions in source profiles, the inclusion of optical attenuation is likely to enhance the source resolution of receptor models. Additionally, profiles obtained in this study were not very similar to the US EPA SPECIATE composite profiles for PM and PM, for both sources. Specifically, the mass fractions of Si, Fe, OC, and EC were most different between SPECIATE composite profiles and Bhopal composite profiles. An estimate of health indicators for Bhopal road dust revealed that although Cr was only marginally enriched, its inhalation may pose a health risk. The estimates of potential lifetime incremental cancer risk induced by the inhalation of Cr in paved and unpaved road dust (PM and PM) for both adults and children were higher than the baseline values of acceptable risk. These results suggest that road dust Cr induced carcinogenic risk should be further investigated.
本研究报告了按粒径分类（PM 和 PM）的铺砌和未铺砌道路灰尘的化学源谱、光学衰减以及接触这些源所带来的潜在健康风险。从位于博帕尔及其周边的 9 个铺砌道路站点和 6 个未铺砌道路站点共采集了 45 个样本，在实验室中进行再悬浮，收集到过滤基质上，并进行了多种化学分析。总体而言，道路灰尘中人为污染物（包括锑、铜、锌、钴和铅）含量高于上地壳丰度。与未铺砌道路灰尘中的对应部分相比，铺砌道路灰尘中 PM 和 PM 粒径分数中的有机碳和元素碳（OC/EC）高出 50 - 75%。此外，结果表明，当源谱中无法包含碳分数时，纳入光学衰减可能会提高受体模型的源分辨率。此外，本研究获得的谱与美国环保署针对 PM 和 PM 的 SPECIATE 复合谱在两种源方面都不太相似。具体而言，SPECIATE 复合谱与博帕尔复合谱之间硅、铁、OC 和 EC 的质量分数差异最大。对博帕尔道路灰尘健康指标的估计表明，尽管铬仅略有富集，但其吸入可能会带来健康风险。成人和儿童吸入铺砌和未铺砌道路灰尘（PM 和 PM）中的铬所导致的潜在终身增量癌症风险估计值高于可接受风险的基线值。这些结果表明，道路灰尘铬诱发的致癌风险应进一步研究。
