Badash Ido, Burtt Karen, Solorzano Carlos A, Carey Joseph N
Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Ann Transl Med. 2016 Dec;4(23):453. doi: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.24.
As a result of recent work-hours limitations and concerns for patient safety, innovations in extraclinical surgical simulation have become a desired part of residency education. Current simulation models, including cadaveric, animal, bench-top, virtual reality (VR) and robotic simulators are increasingly used in surgical training programs. Advances in telesurgery, three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the incorporation of patient-specific anatomy are paving the way for simulators to become integral components of medical training in the future. Evidence from the literature highlights the benefits of including simulations in surgical training; skills acquired through simulations translate into improvements in operating room performance. Moreover, simulations are rapidly incorporating new medical technologies and offer increasingly high-fidelity recreations of procedures. As a result, both novice and expert surgeons are able to benefit from their use. As dedicated, structured curricula are developed that incorporate simulations into daily resident training, simulated surgeries will strengthen the surgeon's skill set, decrease hospital costs, and improve patient outcomes.
由于近期对工作时长的限制以及对患者安全的关注，临床外手术模拟的创新已成为住院医师培训中备受期待的一部分。当前的模拟模型，包括尸体模型、动物模型、台式模型、虚拟现实（VR）模拟器和机器人模拟器，在外科培训项目中越来越多地被使用。远程手术、三维（3D）打印以及患者特异性解剖结构的纳入方面的进展，为模拟器在未来成为医学培训的重要组成部分铺平了道路。文献证据凸显了在外科培训中纳入模拟的益处；通过模拟获得的技能转化为手术室表现的提升。此外，模拟正在迅速融入新的医疗技术，并提供越来越高保真的手术再现。因此，新手和专家外科医生都能从其使用中受益。随着将模拟纳入住院医师日常培训的专门、结构化课程的开发，模拟手术将增强外科医生的技能组合，降低医院成本，并改善患者预后。
