Dos Anjos Pultz Brunna, Andrés Cordero da Luz Felipe, Socorro Faria Sara, Peixoto Ferreira de Souza Leandro, Cristina Brígido Tavares Paula, Alonso Goulart Vivian, Fontes Wagner, Ricardo Goulart Luiz, José Barbosa Silva Marcelo
Laboratory of Tumor Biomarkers and Osteoimmunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Int J Cancer. 2017 Jun 1;140(11):2397-2407. doi: 10.1002/ijc.30595. Epub 2017 Feb 2.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, play a key role in inter and intracellular communication, promoting the proliferation and invasion of recipient cells to support tumor growth and metastasis. Metastasis comprises multiple steps that first include the detachment of tumor cells through epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), allowing the physical dissemination to distant organs. Thereafter, cancer-derived exosomes are still critical components for preparing the tumor microenvironment by (i) enabling tumor cells to escape from the immunological surveillance and (ii) arranging the pre-metastatic site for the engraftment of detached cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the multifaceted role of EVs in the multiple steps of metastasis. Future research directions draw attention to EVs as biological targets for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. However, due to their significant role in cell communication, they may become a valuable drug delivery system.
细胞外囊泡（EVs），包括外泌体，在细胞间和细胞内通讯中起关键作用，促进受体细胞的增殖和侵袭，以支持肿瘤生长和转移。转移包括多个步骤，首先包括肿瘤细胞通过上皮-间质转化（EMT）脱离，从而实现向远处器官的物理播散。此后，癌症来源的外泌体仍然是通过以下方式准备肿瘤微环境的关键成分：（i）使肿瘤细胞逃避免疫监视；（ii）为脱离的癌细胞植入安排前转移位点。在本综述中，我们讨论了EVs在转移的多个步骤中的多方面作用。未来的研究方向将注意力集中在将EVs作为癌症诊断、预后和治疗的生物学靶点。然而，由于它们在细胞通讯中的重要作用，它们可能成为一种有价值的药物递送系统。
