Moridikia Abdullah, Mirzaei Hamed, Sahebkar Amirhossein, Salimian Jafar
Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
J Cell Physiol. 2018 Feb;233(2):901-913. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25801. Epub 2017 May 15.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is known as the third common cancer worldwide and an important public health problem in different populations. Several genetics and environmental risk factors are involved in the development and progression of CRC including chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic alterations, and unhealthy lifestyle. Identification of risk factors and biomarkers could lead to a better understanding of molecular pathways involved in CRC pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulatory molecules which could affect a variety of cellular and molecular targets in CRC. A large number of studies have indicated deregulations of some known tissue-specific miRNAs, for example, miR-21, miR-9, miR-155, miR-17, miR-19, let-7, and miR-24 as well as circulating miRNAs, for example, miR-181b, miR-21, miR-183, let-7g, miR-17, and miR-126, in patients with CRC. In the current review, we focus on the findings of preclinical and clinical studies performed on tissue-specific and circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the detection of patients at various stages of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症，也是不同人群中一个重要的公共卫生问题。几种遗传和环境风险因素参与了结直肠癌的发生和发展，包括染色体异常、表观遗传改变以及不健康的生活方式。识别风险因素和生物标志物有助于更好地理解结直肠癌发病机制中涉及的分子途径。微小RNA（miRNA）是重要的调节分子，可影响结直肠癌中的多种细胞和分子靶点。大量研究表明，一些已知的组织特异性miRNA，如miR-21、miR-9、miR-155、miR-17、miR-19、let-7和miR-24，以及循环miRNA，如miR-181b、miR-21、miR-183、let-7g、miR-17和miR-126，在结直肠癌患者中存在失调。在本综述中，我们重点关注针对组织特异性和循环miRNA作为诊断生物标志物以及检测结直肠癌各阶段患者的治疗靶点所进行的临床前和临床研究结果。
