Klein Robyn S, Garber Charise, Howard Nicole
Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2017 Feb;18(2):132-141. doi: 10.1038/ni.3656. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
Inflammation is emerging as a critical mechanism underlying neurological disorders of various etiologies, yet its role in altering brain function as a consequence of neuroinfectious disease remains unclear. Although acute alterations in mental status due to inflammation are a hallmark of central nervous system (CNS) infections with neurotropic pathogens, post-infectious neurologic dysfunction has traditionally been attributed to irreversible damage caused by the pathogens themselves. More recently, studies indicate that pathogen eradication within the CNS may require immune responses that interfere with neural cell function and communication without affecting their survival. In this Review we explore inflammatory processes underlying neurological impairments caused by CNS infection and discuss their potential links to established mechanisms of psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases.
炎症正成为各种病因所致神经疾病的关键机制，但它在神经感染性疾病导致脑功能改变中所起的作用仍不清楚。尽管炎症引起的精神状态急性改变是中枢神经系统（CNS）被嗜神经病原体感染的一个标志，但感染后神经功能障碍传统上一直归因于病原体自身造成的不可逆损伤。最近，研究表明，在中枢神经系统内根除病原体可能需要免疫反应，这种免疫反应会干扰神经细胞功能和通讯，但不影响其存活。在本综述中，我们探讨了中枢神经系统感染所致神经损伤的炎症过程，并讨论了它们与既定的精神疾病和神经退行性疾病机制之间的潜在联系。
