IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control. 2017 Apr;64(4):717-724. doi: 10.1109/TUFFC.2017.2651648. Epub 2017 Jan 11.
Low intensity transcranial focused ultrasound has been demonstrated to produce neuromodulation in both animals and humans. Primarily for technical reasons, frequency is one of the most poorly investigated critical wave parameters. We propose the use of a quadri-band transducer capable of operating at 200, 320, 850, and 1380 kHz for further investigation of the frequency dependence of neuromodulation efficacy while keeping the position of the transducer fixed with respect to the subject's head. This paper presents the results of the transducer calibration in water, in vitro transmission measurements through a monkey skull flap, 3-D simulations based on both a μ -computed tomography ( μ CT)-scan of a rat and on CT-scans of two macaques. A maximum peak pressure greater than 0.52 MPa is expected at each frequency in rat and macaque heads. According to the literature, our transducer can achieve neuromodulation in rodents and primates at each four frequencies. The impact of standing waves is shown to be most prominent at the lowest frequencies.
低强度经颅聚焦超声已被证明在动物和人类中均可产生神经调节作用。主要由于技术原因，频率是研究最少的关键波参数之一。我们建议使用四频换能器，能够在 200、320、850 和 1380 kHz 下工作，以进一步研究神经调节效果的频率依赖性，同时保持换能器相对于受试者头部的位置固定。本文介绍了在水中的换能器校准、通过猴颅骨瓣的体外传输测量、基于大鼠 μ -计算机断层扫描（μ CT）和两只猕猴 CT 扫描的 3-D 模拟的结果。预计在大鼠和猕猴头部的每个频率下，最大峰值压力都将超过 0.52 MPa。根据文献，我们的换能器可以在每个四个频率下实现啮齿动物和灵长类动物的神经调节。驻波的影响在最低频率下最为显著。
