Merino-Salazar Pamela, Artazcoz Lucía, Cornelio Cecilia, Iñiguez María José Itatí, Rojas Marianela, Martínez-Iñigo David, Vives Alejandra, Funcasta Lorena, Benavides Fernando G
CISAL (Center for Research in Occupational Health), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
Occup Environ Med. 2017 Jun;74(6):432-439. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2016-103899. Epub 2017 Jan 16.
To describe working and employment conditions, and health status between non-agricultural employees with a written contract from Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Central America and Uruguay.
We compared data from the first working condition surveys (WCS) of Colombia, Argentina, Chile, Central America and Uruguay. For comparative purposes, we selected a subsample of 15 241 non-agricultural employees aged 18-64 years and working with a written contract. We calculated prevalences and 95% CIs for the selected variables on working and employment conditions, and health status, separated by sex.
Across all countries, at least 40% of women and 58% of men worked >40 hours a week. The most prevalent exposures were repetitive movements, followed by noise and manual handling, especially among men. Psychosocial exposures were very common among both sexes. Workers in Chile (33.4% of women and 16.6% of men) and Central America (24.3% of women and 19.1% of men) were more likely to report poor self-perceived health and were least likely to do so in Colombia (5.5% of women and 4.2% of men). The percentage of workers reporting occupational injuries was <10% across all countries.
This study provides, for the first time, a broad picture of work and health in different Latin American countries, based on the national WCSs available. This allows for a better understanding of occupational health and could serve as a baseline for future research and surveillance of work and health in the Region. However, greater efforts are needed to improve WCSs comparability.
描述来自哥伦比亚、阿根廷、智利、中美洲和乌拉圭的签订书面合同的非农业雇员的工作和就业条件以及健康状况。
我们比较了哥伦比亚、阿根廷、智利、中美洲和乌拉圭首次工作条件调查（WCS）的数据。为了进行比较，我们选取了15241名年龄在18 - 64岁且签订书面合同的非农业雇员作为子样本。我们计算了按性别划分的关于工作和就业条件以及健康状况的选定变量的患病率和95%置信区间。
在所有国家中，至少40%的女性和58%的男性每周工作超过40小时。最常见的暴露因素是重复性动作，其次是噪音和体力搬运，尤其是在男性中。社会心理暴露在两性中都非常普遍。智利（33.4%的女性和16.6%的男性）和中美洲（24.3%的女性和19.1%的男性）的工人更有可能报告自我感觉健康状况不佳，而哥伦比亚（5.5%的女性和4.2%的男性）的工人报告自我感觉健康状况不佳的可能性最小。所有国家中报告职业伤害的工人比例均低于10%。
本研究首次基于现有的国家工作条件调查，提供了不同拉丁美洲国家工作与健康的全面情况。这有助于更好地理解职业健康，并可为该地区未来的工作与健康研究及监测提供基线。然而，需要做出更大努力来提高工作条件调查的可比性。
