Charles Nora E, Mathias Charles W, Acheson Ashley, Dougherty Donald M
Department of Psychology, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box # 5025, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive MC 7793, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
Addict Behav. 2017 Jun;69:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.01.005. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
Substance use during adolescence can lead to the development of substance use disorders and other psychosocial problems. These negative outcomes are especially likely for individuals who use substances at earlier ages and those who engage in heavier use during adolescence, behaviors which are both more common among youth at higher risk for developing a substance use disorder, such as those with a family history of substance use disorders (FH+). Factors such as increased sensation seeking and greater exposure to stressors among FH+ youth may influence these associations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relative and unique contributions of sensation seeking during preadolescence and exposure to stressors during early to mid-adolescence to cumulative substance use by mid-adolescence among FH+ youth.
A total of 167 mostly Hispanic FH+ youth (ages 12-15) who were participating in an ongoing longitudinal study were included in these analyses. Participants' data from biennial waves covering approximately 2.5years were used. Self-reported sensation seeking, exposure to stressors, and substance use were compared.
Higher sensation seeking during preadolescence and greater exposure to stressors during early to mid-adolescence were both associated with substance use by age 15. These factors differentiated Substance Users from Non-Users, and also related to level of substance use.
Elevated sensation seeking and exposure to stressors are both associated with substance use by age 15 among high-risk youth. Additionally, these factors can distinguish youth who develop heavier substance use during this important developmental period.
青少年时期使用物质会导致物质使用障碍及其他心理社会问题的出现。对于那些在较早年龄使用物质以及在青少年时期大量使用物质的个体而言，这些负面结果尤其可能发生，而这些行为在有发展物质使用障碍高风险的青少年中更为常见，比如那些有物质使用障碍家族史（FH+）的青少年。诸如寻求刺激增加以及FH+青少年接触更多应激源等因素可能会影响这些关联。因此，本研究的目的是探讨青春期前寻求刺激以及青少年早期至中期接触应激源对FH+青少年到青春期中期累积物质使用的相对及独特影响。
共有167名主要为西班牙裔的FH+青少年（年龄在12 - 15岁）参与了正在进行的纵向研究，并纳入了这些分析。使用了来自大约两年一次的随访波次、时长约2.5年的参与者数据。比较了自我报告的寻求刺激、接触应激源和物质使用情况。
青春期前较高的寻求刺激水平以及青少年早期至中期更多地接触应激源均与15岁时的物质使用有关。这些因素区分了物质使用者和非使用者，也与物质使用水平相关。
高风险青少年中，寻求刺激增加和接触应激源均与15岁时的物质使用有关。此外，这些因素可以区分在这个重要发育阶段出现大量物质使用的青少年。
