Arnqvist Göran, Novičić Zorana Kurbalija, Castro José A, Sayadi Ahmed
Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, University of Uppsala, Norbyv 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden.
Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology, University of Uppsala, Norbyv 18D, SE75236 Uppsala, Sweden ; Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Despot Stefan Blvd 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Hereditas. 2016 Nov 24;153:15. doi: 10.1186/s41065-016-0020-2. eCollection 2016.
Recent experimental evidence for selection on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has prompted the question as to what processes act to maintain within-population variation in mtDNA. Balancing selection though negative frequency dependent selection (NFDS) among sympatric haplotypes is a possibility, but direct empirical evidence for this is very scarce.
We extend the previous findings of a multi-generation replicated cage experiment in , where mtDNA polymorphism was maintained in a laboratory setting. First, we use a set of Monte Carlo simulations to show that the haplotype frequency dynamics observed are inconsistent with genetic drift alone and most closely match those expected under NFDS. Second, we show that haplotype frequency changes over time were significantly different from those expected under either genetic drift or positive selection but were consistent with those expected under NFSD.
Collectively, our analyses provide novel support for NFDS on mtDNA haplotypes, suggesting that mtDNA polymorphism may at least in part be maintained by balancing selection also in natural populations. We very briefly discuss the possible mechanisms that might be involved.
最近关于线粒体DNA（mtDNA）选择的实验证据引发了一个问题，即哪些过程在维持种群内mtDNA的变异。通过同域单倍型之间的负频率依赖选择（NFDS）进行平衡选择是一种可能性，但对此的直接实证证据非常稀少。
我们扩展了之前在[具体实验情境]中进行的多代重复笼养实验的结果，在该实验中mtDNA多态性在实验室环境中得以维持。首先，我们使用一组蒙特卡罗模拟来表明观察到的单倍型频率动态与仅由遗传漂变导致的情况不一致，并且与NFDS下预期的情况最为匹配。其次，我们表明单倍型频率随时间的变化与遗传漂变或正选择下预期的情况显著不同，但与NFSD下预期的情况一致。
总体而言，我们的分析为mtDNA单倍型上的NFDS提供了新的支持，表明mtDNA多态性至少在一定程度上可能也是通过自然种群中的平衡选择来维持的。我们简要讨论了可能涉及的潜在机制。
