Takala A K, Eskola J, Palmgren J, Rönnberg P R, Kela E, Rekola P, Mäkelä P H
National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
J Pediatr. 1989 Nov;115(5 Pt 1):694-701. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80644-4.
A population-based matched case-control analysis of risk factors of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease was conducted in Finland in 1985 and 1986 before large-scale Hib vaccinations; 117 consecutive child patients with invasive Hib disease and 225 control subjects matched for age, sex, and residence were studied. In the multivariate analysis, day care outside the home was found to increase the risk of invasive Hib disease (odds ratio 5, 95% confidence interval 2.3 to 11), with the highest risk among children less than 2 years of age; this risk was significantly higher within the first month of attendance than later on (p = 0.02). The existence of siblings less than 7 years of age was found to be a risk factor, especially for the younger children (odds ratio 8.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 52 for children less than 1 year of age), and the odds ratio increased approximately twofold with each additional sibling. A history of otitis media and previous hospitalizations were further risk factors for invasive Hib disease (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.9, and odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 3.4, respectively). Breast-feeding for longer than 6 months was found to be protective (odds ratio 0.47, 95% confidence interval 0.3 to 0.9). The amount of Hib disease in different populations will vary with the incidence of these risk factors.
1985年和1986年在芬兰于大规模b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）疫苗接种之前，开展了一项基于人群的侵袭性Hib疾病危险因素匹配病例对照分析；研究了117例连续的侵袭性Hib疾病儿童患者以及225名按年龄、性别和居住地匹配的对照对象。在多变量分析中，发现家庭外日托会增加侵袭性Hib疾病风险（优势比5，95%置信区间2.3至11），在2岁以下儿童中风险最高；在入托的第一个月内这种风险显著高于之后（p = 0.02）。发现有7岁以下兄弟姐妹是一个危险因素，对年幼儿童尤其如此（1岁以下儿童的优势比8.6，95%置信区间2.6至52），每增加一个兄弟姐妹，优势比大约增加一倍。中耳炎病史和既往住院史是侵袭性Hib疾病的进一步危险因素（优势比分别为2.2，95%置信区间1.2至3.9，以及优势比1.9，95%置信区间1.0至3.4）。发现母乳喂养超过6个月具有保护作用（优势比0.47，95%置信区间0.3至0.9）。不同人群中Hib疾病的数量将随这些危险因素的发生率而变化。
