1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hospital Universitario de la Ribera, Valencia, Spain.
2 Department of Nursing, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.
J Hum Lact. 2018 May;34(2):304-312. doi: 10.1177/0890334416676469. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Breastfeeding has been shown to result in extensive physical and psychological benefits for both the mother and the newborn. However, the rate and duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) remains low worldwide. Mother-infant skin-to-skin contact (SSC) immediately after birth has demonstrated results that support the argument for breastfeeding continuation. Research aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of EBF 3 months postpartum and the effect of early SSC in maintaining optimal EBF practices for mothers and their healthy newborns.
We conducted an observational, retrospective study in Spain from 2013 to 2015. Pregnant women were interviewed immediately postpartum and again at 3 months postpartum regarding variables associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation.
There were 1,071 women recruited. Early SSC was performed in 92% of vaginal births but only 57% of urgent cesarean births. Of women breastfeeding at discharge, 69.5% performed SSC with their newborn. We found that 68.6% of women were exclusively breastfeeding by discharge and 46.7% by 3 months postpartum. Type of feeding at discharge, country of origin, and parity were found to be associated with each other ( p = .003, p = .001, respectively). Early SSC was also significantly associated with type of feeding at discharge, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months postpartum ( p < .001). Hypogalactia (19.8%) was the most frequently reported factor for breastfeeding discontinuation.
Breastfeeding promotion interventions are likely to improve breastfeeding rates at 3 months postpartum. Social and economic factors should be taken into account when such programs are planned to be implemented.
母乳喂养已被证明对母亲和新生儿都有广泛的身体和心理益处。然而，全球范围内的纯母乳喂养（EBF）率和持续时间仍然很低。母亲-婴儿出生后立即进行皮肤接触（SSC）已证明支持继续母乳喂养的论据。研究目的：本研究旨在调查产后 3 个月 EBF 的流行率以及早期 SSC 对维持母亲及其健康新生儿最佳 EBF 实践的影响。
我们在西班牙进行了一项观察性、回顾性研究，时间为 2013 年至 2015 年。对孕妇进行产后立即和产后 3 个月的访谈，询问与母乳喂养开始和持续相关的变量。
共招募了 1071 名女性。92%的阴道分娩进行了早期 SSC，但只有 57%的紧急剖宫产进行了早期 SSC。在出院时进行母乳喂养的女性中，有 69.5%与新生儿进行了 SSC。我们发现，68.6%的女性在出院时进行了纯母乳喂养，46.7%在产后 3 个月时进行了纯母乳喂养。出院时的喂养类型、原籍国和产次相互关联（p=0.003，p=0.001）。早期 SSC 也与出院时、1 个月、2 个月和 3 个月时的喂养类型显著相关（p<0.001）。低泌乳量（19.8%）是母乳喂养中断的最常见原因。
促进母乳喂养的干预措施可能会提高产后 3 个月的母乳喂养率。在规划此类方案时，应考虑社会和经济因素。
