Rooklin A
Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Crozer-Chester Medical Center, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013.
J Pediatr. 1989 Nov;115(5 Pt 2):841-5. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(89)80120-9.
Theophylline, despite its potential for causing gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system side effects, is still the major drug used to control symptoms of moderate asthma in children. Selection of patients who will benefit most from this treatment is based on asthma frequency, severity, and triggers; the cost and side effects of theophylline; the likelihood of compliance; and the wishes of both patient and parent. Theophylline's pharmacodynamics, metabolism, and proposed mechanisms of action are discussed, as are the use of specific preparations and possible side effects. Although theophylline can be used in the acute care setting, its major use is in daily continuous prophylaxis against events triggered by either allergic or nonallergic factors. In addition to dosage and titration, aspects of monitoring, compliance, and weaning are discussed.
尽管茶碱有引起胃肠道和中枢神经系统副作用的潜在风险，但它仍然是用于控制儿童中度哮喘症状的主要药物。选择能从这种治疗中获益最大的患者是基于哮喘的发作频率、严重程度和触发因素；茶碱的成本和副作用；依从性的可能性；以及患者和家长的意愿。本文讨论了茶碱的药效学、代谢及其作用机制，以及特定制剂的使用和可能的副作用。尽管茶碱可用于急性护理环境，但其主要用途是每日持续预防由过敏或非过敏因素引发的事件。除了剂量和滴定，还讨论了监测、依从性和撤药等方面。
