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6岁和10岁儿童人体模型在紧急事件中的评估。

Evaluation of 6 and 10 Year-Old Child Human Body Models in Emergency Events.

作者信息

Gras Laure-Lise, Stockman Isabelle, Brolin Karin

机构信息

Department of Applied Mechanics, Division of Vehicle Safety, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, IFSTTAR, LBMC UMR_T9406, Lyon, France.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2017 Jan 18;12(1):e0170377. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170377. eCollection 2017.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0170377
PMID:28099505
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5242506/
Abstract

Emergency events can influence a child's kinematics prior to a car-crash, and thus its interaction with the restraint system. Numerical Human Body Models (HBMs) can help understand the behaviour of children in emergency events. The kinematic responses of two child HBMs-MADYMO 6 and 10 year-old models-were evaluated and compared with child volunteers' data during emergency events-braking and steering-with a focus on the forehead and sternum displacements. The response of the 6 year-old HBM was similar to the response of the 10 year-old HBM, however both models had a different response compared with the volunteers. The forward and lateral displacements were within the range of volunteer data up to approximately 0.3 s; but then, the HBMs head and sternum moved significantly downwards, while the volunteers experienced smaller displacement and tended to come back to their initial posture. Therefore, these HBMs, originally intended for crash simulations, are not too stiff and could be able to reproduce properly emergency events thanks, for instance, to postural control.

摘要

紧急事件会在车祸发生前影响儿童的运动学，进而影响其与约束系统的相互作用。数字人体模型（HBMs）有助于理解儿童在紧急事件中的行为表现。评估了两个儿童HBMs（MADYMO 6岁和10岁模型）在紧急事件（制动和转向）中的运动学响应，并将其与儿童志愿者的数据进行比较，重点关注前额和胸骨的位移。6岁HBM的响应与10岁HBM的响应相似，然而与志愿者相比，两个模型的响应都有所不同。向前和横向位移在志愿者数据范围内，直到大约0.3秒；但随后，HBMs的头部和胸骨显著向下移动，而志愿者的位移较小，并倾向于回到初始姿势。因此，这些最初用于碰撞模拟的HBMs并非过于僵硬，例如由于姿势控制，它们能够恰当地再现紧急事件。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/2cb9/5242506/413a4049a8f3/pone.0170377.g011.jpg
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本文引用的文献

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Kinematics of child volunteers and child anthropomorphic test devices during emergency braking events in real car environment.真实汽车环境中儿童志愿者和儿童模拟假人在紧急制动事件中的运动学。
Traffic Inj Prev. 2013;14(1):92-102. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.688151.
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Evaluation of the head kinematics of the Q3 model and a modified Q3 model by means of crash reconstruction.
基于事故重建对 Q3 模型和改良 Q3 模型的头部运动学评估。
Traffic Inj Prev. 2012;13(6):600-11. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2012.676223.
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The occupant response to autonomous braking: a modeling approach that accounts for active musculature.自主制动时的乘员反应：一种考虑主动肌肉的建模方法。
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