Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24 INRETS/University of Mediterranée, Boulevard Pierre Dramard, Marseille, France.
Accid Anal Prev. 2010 May;42(3):797-801. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2009.04.010.
In the field of numerical crash simulations in road safety research, there is a need to accurately define the initial conditions of a frontal impact for the car occupant. In particular, human models used to simulate such impacts barely take into account muscular contracting effects. This study aims to quantify drivers' behaviour in terms of posture and muscular activity just before a frontal impact. Experiments on volunteers were performed in order to define these conditions, both on a driving simulator and on a real moving car. Brake pedal loads, lower limbs kinematics and muscle activation were recorded. Coupling instantaneous data from both experimental protocols (simulator versus Real car), a standard emergency braking configuration could be defined as (1) joint flexion angles of 96 degrees, 56 degrees and 13 degrees for the right hip, knee and ankle respectively; (2) a maximum brake pedal load of 780N; (3) a muscular activation of 55% for the anterior thigh, 26% for the posterior thigh, 18% for the anterior leg and 43% for the posterior leg. The first application of this research is the implementation of muscle tone in human models designed to evaluate new safety systems.
在道路安全研究的数值碰撞模拟领域，需要准确地定义汽车乘客正面碰撞的初始条件。特别是，用于模拟此类碰撞的人体模型几乎没有考虑到肌肉收缩的影响。本研究旨在根据姿势和肌肉活动来量化驾驶员在正面碰撞前的行为。为此，在驾驶模拟器和实际行驶的汽车上进行了志愿者实验，以定义这些条件。记录了制动踏板负载、下肢运动学和肌肉激活情况。通过将来自两个实验方案（模拟器与实际汽车）的瞬时数据进行耦合，可以定义标准的紧急制动配置，其特征为：（1）右髋、膝和踝的关节弯曲角度分别为 96 度、56 度和 13 度；（2）最大制动踏板负载为 780N；（3）大腿前侧肌肉激活为 55%，大腿后侧为 26%，小腿前侧为 18%，小腿后侧为 43%。该研究的首次应用是在设计用于评估新安全系统的人体模型中实施肌肉张力。
