Hernández-Aguilar José Antonio, Cortina-Villar Héctor Sergio, García-Barrios Luis Enrique, Castillo-Santiago Miguel Ángel
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, CP, 29290, Mexico.
Environ Manage. 2017 Mar;59(3):490-504. doi: 10.1007/s00267-017-0821-8. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
Many studies have considered community-based forestry enterprises to be the best option for development of rural Mexican communities with forests. While some of Mexico's rural communities with forests receive significant economic and social benefits from having a community forestry enterprise, the majority have not formed such enterprises. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe factors limiting the formation of community forestry enterprise in rural communities with temperate forests in the Southern Mixteca region of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study involved fieldwork, surveys applied to Community Board members, and maps developed from satellite images in order to calculate the forested surface area. It was found that the majority of Southern Mixteca communities lack the natural and social conditions necessary for developing community forestry enterprise; in this region, commercial forestry is limited due to insufficient precipitation, scarcity of land or timber species, community members' wariness of commercial timber extraction projects, ineffective local governance, lack of capital, and certain cultural beliefs. Only three of the 25 communities surveyed have a community forestry enterprise; however, several communities have developed other ways of profiting from their forests, including pine resin extraction, payment for environmental services (PES), sale of spring water, and ecotourism. We conclude that community forestry enterprise are not the only option for rural communities to generate income from their forests; in recent years a variety of forest-related economic opportunities have arisen which are less demanding of communities' physical and social resources.
许多研究认为，基于社区的林业企业是墨西哥有森林的农村社区发展的最佳选择。虽然墨西哥一些有森林的农村社区通过拥有社区林业企业获得了可观的经济和社会效益，但大多数社区尚未组建此类企业。本文的目的是识别和描述限制墨西哥瓦哈卡州南部米斯特卡地区温带森林农村社区社区林业企业形成的因素。该研究包括实地考察、对社区委员会成员进行的调查以及利用卫星图像绘制的地图，以便计算森林覆盖面积。研究发现，米斯特卡南部的大多数社区缺乏发展社区林业企业所需的自然和社会条件；在该地区，商业林业受到限制，原因包括降水不足、土地或木材品种稀缺、社区成员对商业木材采伐项目的警惕、地方治理不力、缺乏资金以及某些文化信仰。在接受调查的25个社区中，只有3个拥有社区林业企业；然而，一些社区已经开发出了从森林中获利的其他方式，包括提取松脂、环境服务付费（PES）、出售泉水和生态旅游。我们得出结论，社区林业企业并非农村社区从森林中创收的唯一选择；近年来出现了各种与森林相关的经济机会，对社区的物质和社会资源要求较低。
