Gómez-Bruton Alejandro, Matute-Llorente Ángel, González-Agüero Alejandro, Casajús José A, Vicente-Rodríguez Germán
Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Grupo GENUD Edificio SAI 2a planta, Zaragoza, Spain.
Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences (FCSD), Department of Physiatry and Nursing, University of Zaragoza, Ronda Misericordia 5, 22001, Huesca, Spain.
World J Pediatr. 2017 Apr;13(2):112-121. doi: 10.1007/s12519-016-0076-0. Epub 2017 Jan 15.
Many jumping interventions have been performed in children and adolescents in order to improve bone-related variables and thus, ensure a healthy bone development during these periods and later in life. This systematic review aims to summarize and update present knowledge regarding the effects that jumping interventions may have on bone mass, structure and metabolism in order to ascertain the efficacy and durability (duration of the effects caused by the intervention) of the interventions.
Identification of studies was performed by searching in the database MEDLINE/PubMed and SportDiscus. Additional studies were identified by contacting clinical experts and searching bibliographies and abstracts. Search terms included "bone and bones", "jump*", "weight-bearing", "resistance training" and "school intervention". The search was conducted up to October 2014. Only studies that had performed a specific jumping intervention in under 18-year olds and had measured bone mass were included. Independent extraction of articles was done by 2 authors using predefined data fields.
A total of 26 studies were included in this review. Twenty-four studies found positive results as subjects included in the intervention groups showed higher bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone structure improvements than controls. Only two studies found no effects on bone mass after a 10-week and 9-month intervention. Moreover, those studies that evaluated the durability of the effects found that some of the increases in the intervention groups were maintained after several years.
Jumping interventions during childhood and adolescence improve bone mineral content, density and structural properties without side effects. These type of interventions should be therefore implemented when possible in order to increase bone mass in early stages of life, which may have a direct preventive effect on bone diseases like osteoporosis later in life.
为改善与骨骼相关的变量，从而确保儿童和青少年在这些时期以及之后的生活中骨骼健康发育，人们对他们进行了许多跳跃干预。本系统评价旨在总结和更新关于跳跃干预对骨量、骨结构和骨代谢可能产生的影响的现有知识，以确定这些干预措施的有效性和持久性（干预所产生效果的持续时间）。
通过检索MEDLINE/PubMed数据库和SportDiscus数据库来识别研究。通过联系临床专家以及检索参考文献和摘要来识别其他研究。检索词包括“骨骼和骨头”“跳跃*”“负重”“阻力训练”和“学校干预”。检索截至2014年10月。仅纳入了对18岁以下人群进行特定跳跃干预并测量了骨量的研究。由2名作者使用预定义的数据字段独立提取文章信息。
本评价共纳入26项研究。24项研究发现了阳性结果，因为干预组的受试者比对照组显示出更高的骨密度、骨矿物质含量和骨结构改善。只有两项研究发现在10周和9个月的干预后对骨量没有影响。此外，那些评估效果持久性的研究发现，干预组的一些增加在数年之后仍得以维持。
儿童和青少年时期的跳跃干预可改善骨矿物质含量、密度和结构特性且无副作用。因此，应尽可能实施这类干预措施，以增加生命早期的骨量，这可能对晚年的骨质疏松等骨骼疾病具有直接的预防作用。
