Haiden Nadja, Ziegler Ekhard E
Division of Neonatology, Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine and Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2016;69 Suppl 2:8-15. doi: 10.1159/000452821. Epub 2017 Jan 20.
Human milk banks play an essential role by providing human milk to infants who would otherwise not be able to receive human milk. The largest group of recipients are premature infants who derive very substantial benefits from it. Human milk protects premature infants from necrotizing enterocolitis and from sepsis, two devastating medical conditions. Milk banks collect, screen, store, process, and distribute human milk. Donating women usually nurse their own infants and have a milk supply that exceeds their own infants' needs. Donor women are carefully selected and are screened for HIV-1, HIV-2, human T-cell leukemia virus 1 and 2, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis. In the milk bank, handling, storing, processing, pooling, and bacterial screening follow standardized algorithms. Heat treatment of human milk diminishes anti-infective properties, cellular components, growth factors, and nutrients. However, the beneficial effects of donor milk remain significant and donor milk is still highly preferable in comparison to formula.
母乳库通过向无法获得母乳的婴儿提供母乳发挥着至关重要的作用。最大的受惠群体是早产儿，他们从中获得了极大的益处。母乳可保护早产儿免受坏死性小肠结肠炎和败血症这两种严重疾病的侵害。母乳库负责收集、筛查、储存、处理和分发母乳。捐赠母乳的女性通常会亲自哺育自己的婴儿，且母乳供应量超过自身婴儿的需求。捐赠者会经过精心挑选，并接受针对HIV - 1、HIV - 2、人类T细胞白血病病毒1型和2型、乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎以及梅毒的筛查。在母乳库中，母乳的处理、储存、加工、混合及细菌筛查均遵循标准化流程。母乳的热处理会降低其抗感染特性、细胞成分、生长因子和营养成分。然而，捐赠母乳的有益效果依然显著，与配方奶相比，捐赠母乳仍然是更为优选的。
