Rothman Emily F
Associate professor at the Boston University School of Public Health and a visiting scientist at the Harvard Injury Control Research Center.
AMA J Ethics. 2017 Jan 1;19(1):110-121. doi: 10.1001/journalofethics.2017.19.1.sect1-1701.
According to the World Health Organization, "commercial sex" is the exchange of money or goods for sexual services, and this term can be applied to both consensual and nonconsensual exchanges. Some nonconsensual exchanges qualify as human trafficking. Whether the form of commercial sex that is also known as prostitution should be decriminalized is being debated contentiously around the world, in part because the percentage of commercial sex exchanges that are consensual as opposed to nonconsensual, or trafficked, is unknown. This paper explores the question of decriminalization of commercial sex with reference to the bioethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and respect for autonomy. It concludes that though there is no perfect policy solution to the various ethical problems associated with commercial sex that can arise under either criminalized or decriminalized conditions, the Nordic model offers several potential advantages. This model criminalizes the buying of sex and third-party brokering of sex (i.e., pimping) but exempts sex sellers (i.e., prostitutes, sex workers) from criminal penalties. However, ongoing support for this type of policy should be contingent upon positive results over time.
根据世界卫生组织的定义，“商业性行为”是指以金钱或物品换取性服务，这一术语既适用于双方自愿的交易，也适用于非自愿的交易。一些非自愿的交易属于人口贩卖。商业性行为（即卖淫）是否应合法化在全球范围内引发了激烈的争论，部分原因是自愿与非自愿或被贩卖的商业性行为的比例尚不清楚。本文参照有益、无害和尊重自主等生物伦理原则，探讨了商业性行为合法化的问题。结论是，虽然无论是在刑事定罪还是合法化的情况下，都没有完美的政策解决方案来应对与商业性行为相关的各种伦理问题，但北欧模式具有一些潜在优势。该模式将购买性服务和第三方性交易中介（即拉皮条）定为犯罪行为，但免除性服务提供者（即妓女、性工作者）的刑事处罚。然而，对这类政策的持续支持应取决于长期的积极效果。
