Leung Daniel, Staiger Petra K, Hayden Melissa, Lum Jarrad A G, Hall Kate, Manning Victoria, Verdejo-Garcia Antonio
School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Mar 1;172:21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.11.034. Epub 2017 Jan 5.
Evidence indicates that substance-related cognitive biases (attentional, memory, and approach bias) contribute to the maintenance and development of substance misuse. Impulsivity has been suggested to influence how cognitive biases contribute to substance misuse, possibly by biasing incentive salience attribution processes. However, the strength and moderators of the relationship between impulsivity and substance-related cognitive biases has yet to be empirically examined.
A meta-analysis using random-effects models was completed assessing 19 studies that reported a quantitative relationship between an impulsivity measure and a substance-related cognitive bias. Two-component conceptualisation of impulsivity, impulsivity measurement type, gender, and age were assessed as moderators.
A small, significant positive relationship (r=0.10) was observed between impulsivity and substance-related attentional, memory, and approach biases. No moderators examined had a significant influence on this relationship.
Results are consistent with incentive sensitisation theories of addiction and suggests a weak synergistic relationship between impulsivity and substance-related cognitive biases. This relationship holds across different measures and components of impulsivity. Results provide some support for the viability of impulsivity and cognitive bias interaction models which may warrant further investigation of these factors in relation to predicting addiction treatment outcomes.
有证据表明，与物质相关的认知偏差（注意力、记忆和趋近偏差）会促使物质滥用行为持续存在并进一步发展。有观点认为冲动性可能会通过影响动机显著性归因过程，进而影响认知偏差对物质滥用行为的作用。然而，冲动性与物质相关认知偏差之间关系的强度及调节因素尚未得到实证研究。
采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，纳入19项报告了冲动性测量指标与物质相关认知偏差之间定量关系的研究。将冲动性的双成分概念、冲动性测量类型、性别和年龄作为调节因素进行评估。
观察到冲动性与物质相关的注意力、记忆和趋近偏差之间存在微小但显著的正相关（r = 0.10）。所考察的调节因素均未对该关系产生显著影响。
研究结果与成瘾的动机敏感化理论一致，表明冲动性与物质相关认知偏差之间存在较弱的协同关系。这种关系在不同的冲动性测量指标和成分中均成立。研究结果为冲动性与认知偏差相互作用模型的可行性提供了一定支持，这可能值得进一步研究这些因素与成瘾治疗结果预测之间的关系。
