Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Nov 1;133(1):1-14. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.008. Epub 2013 Jun 6.
Previous research demonstrates the role of attentional bias in addictive behaviors. Impulsivity is thought to affect the strength of attentional biases, and thus, attentional biases might be one mechanism by which impulsivity affects addictive behaviors. However, whether or not impulsivity is related to attentional biases across different conceptualizations of impulsivity and attentional biases has yet to be examined as an initial test of such causal models.
The authors completed a meta-analysis of 13 published research studies examining the relationship between substance-related attentional bias and different conceptualizations of impulsivity.
There was a small and significant effect size between impulsivity and substance-related attentional bias (r=0.20), which was moderated by impulsivity measurement type (Qb=5.91, df=1, p<0.05): there was a stronger relationship between behavioral impulsivity and substance-related attentional bias (r=0.22) than trait impulsivity and substance-related attentional bias (r=0.10). Different components of behavioral impulsivity and trait impulsivity did not affect the relationship.
This study is the first systematic and empirical demonstration of the relationship between substance-related attentional bias and impulsivity and suggests viability of future examinations of casual models relating these constructs. Since trait and behavioral conceptualizations differentially relate to substance-related attentional bias, the current review further supports research suggesting how disaggregation of multidimensional constructs can lead to more robust relationships.
先前的研究表明注意偏向在成瘾行为中起作用。冲动性被认为会影响注意偏向的强度，因此，注意偏向可能是冲动性影响成瘾行为的一种机制。然而，冲动性是否与不同冲动性概念和注意偏向概念下的注意偏向有关，尚未作为这种因果模型的初步检验进行检验。
作者对 13 项已发表的研究进行了元分析，这些研究考察了物质相关注意偏向与不同冲动性概念之间的关系。
冲动性与物质相关注意偏向之间存在小而显著的效应大小（r=0.20），冲动性测量类型存在调节作用（Qb=5.91，df=1，p<0.05）：行为冲动性与物质相关注意偏向之间的关系更强（r=0.22），而特质冲动性与物质相关注意偏向之间的关系较弱（r=0.10）。行为冲动性和特质冲动性的不同成分并不影响这种关系。
本研究首次系统地和经验性地证明了物质相关注意偏向与冲动性之间的关系，并表明未来对这些结构相关的因果模型进行检验具有可行性。由于特质和行为概念以不同的方式与物质相关的注意偏向相关，因此当前的综述进一步支持了研究，表明如何分解多维结构可以导致更稳健的关系。
