Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Ulm University, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2018 Jan 2;8(1):a024323. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a024323.
More than 30 proteins form amyloid in humans, most of them outside of the brain. Deposition of amyloid in extracerebral tissues is very common and seems inevitable for an aging person. Most deposits are localized, small, and probably without consequence, but in some instances, they are associated with diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Other extracerebral amyloidoses are systemic, with life-threatening effects on the heart, kidneys, and other organs. Here, we review how amyloid may spread through seeding and whether transmission of amyloid diseases may occur between humans. We also discuss whether cross-seeding is important in the development of amyloidosis, focusing specifically on the amyloid proteins AA, transthyretin, and islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP).
在人类中，有 30 多种蛋白质会形成淀粉样蛋白，其中大多数存在于大脑之外。淀粉样蛋白在脑外组织中的沉积非常普遍，对于老年人来说似乎是不可避免的。大多数沉积物是局部的、小的，可能没有后果，但在某些情况下，它们与 2 型糖尿病等疾病有关。其他脑外淀粉样变性是全身性的，会对心脏、肾脏和其他器官造成危及生命的影响。在这里，我们回顾了淀粉样蛋白如何通过播种传播，以及淀粉样蛋白疾病是否可能在人与人之间传播。我们还讨论了交叉播种在淀粉样变性发展中的重要性，特别关注淀粉样蛋白 AA、转甲状腺素蛋白和胰岛淀粉样多肽 (IAPP)。
