Viswanathan Akila N, Erickson Beth A, Ibbott Geoffrey S, Small William, Eifel Patricia J
The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Brachytherapy. 2017 Jan-Feb;16(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.brachy.2016.06.013.
Brachytherapy is the use of radionuclides to treat malignancies or benign conditions by means of a radiation source placed close to or into the tumor or treatment site. This practice parameter refers only to the use of radionuclide brachytherapy. Brachytherapy alone or combined with external beam therapy plays an important role in the management and treatment of patients with cancer. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy has traditionally been used for treating prostate, head and neck, breast, cervical, and endometrial cancers as well as obstructive bile duct, esophageal, or bronchial lesions. It has been practiced for over a century with a variety of sources including radium-226, cesium-137, and, more recently, iridium- 192, iodine-125, and palladium-103. Low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy can be given as interstitial, intracavitary, intraluminal, and/or plesiotherapy to a wide variety of treatment sites. This practice parameter addresses sealed sources as they are used for LDR brachytherapy. It is recognized that unsealed sources (e.g., yttrium-90) are also a form of LDR brachytherapy.
近距离放射治疗是通过将放射源放置在肿瘤或治疗部位附近或内部，利用放射性核素治疗恶性肿瘤或良性疾病。本实践参数仅涉及放射性核素近距离放射治疗的应用。近距离放射治疗单独使用或与外照射治疗联合使用，在癌症患者的管理和治疗中发挥着重要作用。传统上，低剂量率（LDR）近距离放射治疗用于治疗前列腺癌、头颈癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌和子宫内膜癌，以及阻塞性胆管、食管癌或支气管病变。它已经应用了一个多世纪，使用过多种放射源，包括镭-226、铯-137，以及最近的铱-192、碘-125和钯-103。低剂量率（LDR）近距离放射治疗可通过组织间、腔内、管腔内和/或近距疗法应用于多种治疗部位。本实践参数涉及用于LDR近距离放射治疗的密封源。公认的是，非密封源（如钇-90）也是LDR近距离放射治疗的一种形式。
