Skowronek Janusz
Brachytherapy Department, Greater Poland Cancer Center.
Electroradiology Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
J Contemp Brachytherapy. 2017 Dec;9(6):581-589. doi: 10.5114/jcb.2017.72607. Epub 2017 Dec 30.
Cancer incidence and mortality depend on a number of factors, including age, socio-economic status and geographical location, and its prevalence is growing around the world. Most of cancer treatments include external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy. Brachytherapy, a type of radiotherapy with energy from radionuclides inserted directly into the tumor, is increasingly used in cancer treatment. For cervical and skin cancers, it has become a standard therapy for more than 100 years as well as an important part of the treatment guidelines for other malignancies, including head and neck, skin, breast, and prostate cancers. Compared to external beam radiotherapy, brachytherapy has the potential to deliver an ablative radiation dose over a short period of time directly to the altered tissue area with the advantage of a rapid fall-off in dose, and consequently, sparing of adjacent organs. As a result, the patient is able to complete the treatment earlier, and the risks of occurrence of another cancer are lower than in conventional radiotherapy treatment. Brachytherapy has increased its use as a radical or palliative treatment, and become more advanced with the spread of pulsed-dose-rate and high-dose-rate afterloading machines; the use of new 3D/4D planning systems has additionally improved the quality of the treatment. The aim of the present study was to present short summaries of current studies on brachytherapy for the most frequently diagnosed tumors. Data presented in this manuscript should help especially young physicians or physicists to explore and introduce brachytherapy in cancer treatments.
癌症的发病率和死亡率取决于多种因素，包括年龄、社会经济地位和地理位置，并且其在全球的患病率正在上升。大多数癌症治疗方法包括外照射放疗或近距离放疗。近距离放疗是一种将放射性核素产生的能量直接插入肿瘤的放疗方式，在癌症治疗中的应用越来越广泛。对于宫颈癌和皮肤癌，它已成为100多年来的标准治疗方法，也是包括头颈癌、皮肤癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌在内的其他恶性肿瘤治疗指南的重要组成部分。与外照射放疗相比，近距离放疗有可能在短时间内将消融辐射剂量直接传递到病变组织区域，其优势在于剂量迅速下降，从而使相邻器官免受辐射。因此，患者能够更早完成治疗，并且发生另一种癌症的风险低于传统放疗治疗。近距离放疗作为根治性或姑息性治疗的应用有所增加，并且随着脉冲剂量率和高剂量率后装机器的普及而变得更加先进；新的3D/4D计划系统的使用进一步提高了治疗质量。本研究的目的是简要总结当前关于最常见肿瘤的近距离放疗研究。本手稿中呈现的数据应特别有助于年轻医生或物理学家在癌症治疗中探索和引入近距离放疗。
