Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing 100021, China.
Key Lab of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health and China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment , Beijing 100022, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2017 Feb 21;51(4):2456-2463. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05718. Epub 2017 Feb 6.
Human studies show associations between maternal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and developmental effects in children, yet biomonitoring of BPA metabolites in maternal and fetal serum remains limited, and less is known for BPA alternatives. BPA-glucuronide, BPA-sulfate, and bisphenol S (BPS) were quantified in 61 pairs of maternal and cord sera from Chinese participants. Total BPS was only detectable in four maternal (<0.03-0.07 ng/mL) and seven cord sera (<0.03-0.12 ng/mL), indicating low exposure but providing the first evidence that BPS crosses the human placenta. Total BPA metabolites in cord serum were significantly higher than in maternal serum (p < 0.05), suggesting that these may be formed in the fetus or cleared more slowly from the fetoplacental compartment. Unlike the pharmacokinetic results from controlled oral exposure studies in which BPA-glucuronide is the major BPA metabolite, here, BPA-sulfate was the dominant metabolite (GM: 0.06 and 0.08 ng/mL), significantly higher than BPA-glucuronide (GM: 0.02 and 0.04 ng/mL) (p < 0.01) in both maternal and cord sera. Moreover, the proportion of BPA-sulfate increased with total BPA. These are the first human data for BPA metabolites in paired maternal and cord serum, and results suggest that the human fetus and pregnant mother have unique exposure to BPA metabolites. Direct analysis of BPA metabolites in serum provides complementary information for evaluating early life-stage exposure and risks of BPA.
人体研究表明，母体双酚 A（BPA）暴露与儿童发育效应之间存在关联，但母体和胎儿血清中 BPA 代谢物的生物监测仍然有限，对 BPA 替代品的了解较少。在来自中国参与者的 61 对母体和脐带血清中定量了 BPA 葡糖苷酸、BPA 硫酸盐和双酚 S（BPS）。总 BPS 仅在 4 份母体血清（<0.03-0.07ng/mL）和 7 份脐带血清（<0.03-0.12ng/mL）中可检测到，表明暴露水平较低，但这是首次表明 BPS 穿过胎盘的证据。脐带血清中的总 BPA 代谢物明显高于母体血清（p<0.05），这表明这些代谢物可能在胎儿中形成，或者从胎儿胎盘隔室中清除速度较慢。与口服暴露控制研究中的药代动力学结果不同，其中 BPA 葡糖苷酸是主要的 BPA 代谢物，在此，BPA 硫酸盐是主要的代谢物（GM：0.06 和 0.08ng/mL），明显高于母体和脐带血清中的 BPA 葡糖苷酸（GM：0.02 和 0.04ng/mL）（p<0.01）。此外，BPA 硫酸盐的比例随着总 BPA 的增加而增加。这是配对母体和脐带血清中 BPA 代谢物的首批人体数据，结果表明胎儿和孕妇具有独特的 BPA 代谢物暴露。血清中 BPA 代谢物的直接分析为评估早期生命阶段的暴露和 BPA 风险提供了补充信息。
