2类CRISPR-Cas系统的多样性与进化
Diversity and evolution of class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems.
作者信息
Shmakov Sergey, Smargon Aaron, Scott David, Cox David, Pyzocha Neena, Yan Winston, Abudayyeh Omar O, Gootenberg Jonathan S, Makarova Kira S, Wolf Yuri I, Severinov Konstantin, Zhang Feng, Koonin Eugene V
机构信息
Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo 143025, Russia.
National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Microbiol. 2017 Mar;15(3):169-182. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2016.184. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems are characterized by effector modules that consist of a single multidomain protein, such as Cas9 or Cpf1. We designed a computational pipeline for the discovery of novel class 2 variants and used it to identify six new CRISPR-Cas subtypes. The diverse properties of these new systems provide potential for the development of versatile tools for genome editing and regulation. In this Analysis article, we present a comprehensive census of class 2 types and class 2 subtypes in complete and draft bacterial and archaeal genomes, outline evolutionary scenarios for the independent origin of different class 2 CRISPR-Cas systems from mobile genetic elements, and propose an amended classification and nomenclature of CRISPR-Cas.
2类CRISPR-Cas系统的特征是效应模块由单个多结构域蛋白组成，如Cas9或Cpf1。我们设计了一个用于发现新型2类变体的计算流程，并利用它识别出6种新的CRISPR-Cas亚型。这些新系统的多样特性为开发用于基因组编辑和调控的通用工具提供了潜力。在这篇分析文章中，我们对完整和草图形式的细菌及古菌基因组中的2类类型和2类亚型进行了全面统计，概述了不同2类CRISPR-Cas系统从移动遗传元件独立起源的进化情况，并提出了CRISPR-Cas的修订分类和命名法。
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