Vrancken Leia, Germeys Filip, Verfaillie Karl
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumResearch Centre for Work and Organisation Studies, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Brussels, Belgium.
J Vis. 2017 Jan 1;17(1):24. doi: 10.1167/17.1.24.
A considerable amount of research on identity recognition and emotion identification with the composite design points to the holistic processing of these aspects in faces and bodies. In this paradigm, the interference from a nonattended face half on the perception of the attended half is taken as evidence for holistic processing (i.e., a composite effect). Far less research, however, has been dedicated to the concept of gaze. Nonetheless, gaze perception is a substantial component of face and body perception, and holds critical information for everyday communicative interactions. Furthermore, the ability of human observers to detect direct versus averted eye gaze is effortless, perhaps similar to identity perception and emotion recognition. However, the hypothesis of holistic perception of eye gaze has never been tested directly. Research on gaze perception with the composite design could facilitate further systematic comparison with other aspects of face and body perception that have been investigated using the composite design (i.e., identity and emotion). In the present research, a composite design was administered to assess holistic processing of gaze cues in faces (Experiment 1) and bodies (Experiment 2). Results confirmed that eye and head orientation (Experiment 1A) and head and body orientation (Experiment 2A) are integrated in a holistic manner. However, the composite effect was not completely disrupted by inversion (Experiments 1B and 2B), a finding that will be discussed together with implications for future research.
大量关于身份识别和情绪识别的综合设计研究表明，面部和身体的这些方面存在整体加工。在这种范式中，未被关注的面部一半对被关注的一半的感知产生的干扰被视为整体加工的证据（即综合效应）。然而，致力于注视概念的研究要少得多。尽管如此，注视感知是面部和身体感知的重要组成部分，并且在日常交流互动中包含关键信息。此外，人类观察者检测直接注视与回避注视的能力毫不费力，这可能与身份感知和情绪识别类似。然而，注视整体感知的假设从未得到直接检验。使用综合设计进行的注视感知研究可以促进与使用综合设计研究的面部和身体感知的其他方面（即身份和情绪）进行进一步的系统比较。在本研究中，采用综合设计来评估面部（实验1）和身体（实验2）中注视线索的整体加工。结果证实，眼睛和头部方向（实验1A）以及头部和身体方向（实验2A）以整体方式整合。然而，倒置并没有完全破坏综合效应（实验1B和2B），这一发现将与对未来研究的影响一起进行讨论。
