Tao Weidong, Du Bixuan, Li Bing, He Weiqi, Sun Hong-Jin
Department of Psychology, School of Teacher Education, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China.
Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
Front Psychol. 2020 Sep 16;11:505543. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.505543. eCollection 2020.
Humans are more proficient at processing visual display of body posture when the body is in upright orientation, compared to when inverted (inversion effect). Here we investigated whether extensive exposure or expertise on body posture recognition would affect the efficiency with which body-posture is processed. Using whole-body and piecemeal-body postures as stimuli, we performed two experiments to investigate whether body-posture recognition differed between two groups of participants: undergraduates majoring in physical education (PE) and those in other subjects (non-PE), respectively. These two groups differed significantly in the frequency and intensity of exercise per day and/or accumulated exercise time. In our experiments, following initial presentation of an image of a body posture, participants were shown the same or a different stimulus and were asked to report whether or not they had been previously shown the same image. The orientations of the body postures were also varied between trials. Our results showed that, in Experiment 1, for whole-body posture recognition, both the PE and non-PE groups showed a robust body-inversion effect in terms of both error rate and reaction time (RT), but the magnitude of the body-inversion effect in the RT measure was greater in the PE than the non-PE group. In Experiment 2, for piecemeal-body postures, both groups showed the inversion effect in terms of both error rate and RT measures and the PE group made fewer overall errors than the non-PE group. These cumulative results suggest that a superiority effect exists for PE participants compared with non-PE participants. Our results are generally consistent with the expertise hypothesis.
与身体倒置时相比，人类在身体直立时更擅长处理身体姿势的视觉显示（倒置效应）。在这里，我们研究了对身体姿势识别的广泛接触或专业知识是否会影响处理身体姿势的效率。我们以全身姿势和局部身体姿势作为刺激，进行了两项实验，以研究两组参与者之间的身体姿势识别是否存在差异：分别是体育专业的本科生和其他专业的本科生（非体育专业）。这两组在每天的运动频率和强度和/或累计运动时间上有显著差异。在我们的实验中，在最初呈现身体姿势图像后，向参与者展示相同或不同的刺激，并要求他们报告之前是否看过相同的图像。身体姿势的方向在试验中也有所不同。我们的结果表明，在实验1中，对于全身姿势识别，体育专业组和非体育专业组在错误率和反应时间（RT）方面都表现出强烈的身体倒置效应，但在反应时间测量中，体育专业组的身体倒置效应幅度大于非体育专业组。在实验2中，对于局部身体姿势，两组在错误率和反应时间测量方面都表现出倒置效应，并且体育专业组的总体错误比非体育专业组少。这些累积结果表明，与非体育专业参与者相比，体育专业参与者存在优势效应。我们的结果总体上与专业知识假设一致。
