Mgoqi-Mbalo Nolwandle, Zhang Muyu, Ntuli Sam
Department of Psychology, University of Limpopo (Polokwane Campus).
Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California.
Psychol Trauma. 2017 May;9(3):301-308. doi: 10.1037/tra0000228. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
To investigate association of the sociodemographic factors, characteristics of rape and social support to the development of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder at 6 months after the rape.
A cross-sectional survey with female survivors of rape was carried out in 3 provinces of South Africa 6 months after the rape.
One hundred female survivors s of sexual assault were interviewed. More than half (53%) were from Limpopo, 25% from Western Cape, and 22% from KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). 87% reported high levels of PTSD and 51% moderate to severe depression post rape. The major risk factors for PTSD and depression were the unmarried survivors of rape and those living in KZN. The female survivors of rape in KZN province were 7 times more likely to experience symptoms of depression compared to other provinces, while married/cohabiting female rape survivors were 6 times less likely to report symptoms of depression compared to the unmarried female rape survivors.
These findings add support to existing literature on PTSD and depression as common mental health consequence of rape and also provide evidence that survivors' socio- demographics-marital status, employment status-are significant contributors to the development of symptoms of depression and PTSD after rape. The results have research and clinical practice relevance for ensuring that PTSD and trauma treatment focuses on an in-depth understanding of the various aspects of the sociodemographic factors and rape characteristics that contribute to survivors' mental state and how these compound stress and depression symptoms over time post rape victimization. (PsycINFO Database Record
调查社会人口学因素、强奸特征及社会支持与强奸发生6个月后抑郁和创伤后应激障碍发展之间的关联。
在南非3个省份对强奸女性幸存者进行了一项横断面调查，调查在强奸发生6个月后进行。
对100名性侵犯女性幸存者进行了访谈。超过一半（53%）来自林波波省，25%来自西开普省，22%来自夸祖鲁-纳塔尔省（KZN）。87%的人报告称强奸后创伤后应激障碍水平较高，51%的人有中度至重度抑郁。创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的主要风险因素是未婚强奸幸存者以及居住在KZN的人。与其他省份相比，KZN省的强奸女性幸存者出现抑郁症状的可能性高7倍，而已婚/同居的强奸女性幸存者报告抑郁症状的可能性比未婚强奸女性幸存者低6倍。
这些发现为现有关于创伤后应激障碍和抑郁是强奸常见心理健康后果的文献提供了支持，也证明了幸存者的社会人口学因素——婚姻状况、就业状况——是强奸后抑郁和创伤后应激障碍症状发展的重要因素。这些结果对研究和临床实践具有相关性，可确保创伤后应激障碍和创伤治疗专注于深入了解社会人口学因素和强奸特征的各个方面，这些因素如何影响幸存者的心理状态，以及在强奸受害后随着时间推移如何加重压力和抑郁症状。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
