Huang Zhenzhen, Hu Qingfen, Shao Yi
Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University.
Department of Psychology, Oklahoma City University.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2017 Jul;43(7):1147-1153. doi: 10.1037/xlm0000361. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Previous research in spatial reorientation, which only presented the target location in the corner, has found that adults weighed angles more than wall lengths. We proposed that in previous research, angular cues were available for direct use whereas length cues had to be associated with the left/right sense. We thus investigated whether the directness of cues rather than the cues themselves accounted for the previous findings in the reorientation task. Through navigating a virtual environment, 111 participants were trained to remember target locations in a parallelogram-shaped room and tested in varied versions of the training environment: (a) a reverse-parallelogram environment where angular information conflicted with wall length information, (b) a rhombic environment that preserved only angular information from the training environment, and (c) a rectangular environment that preserved only wall length information. We varied the directness of the two cues in the current study. In addition to the condition with target location in the corner, we included a condition that placed the target positions in the middle of the walls, making the length cues direct. The results revealed that angular information no longer received priority, especially in the wall condition. More interestingly, compared to the group trained with the target positions at walls, the group trained with target positions at corners weighted angular cues more heavily in conflict trials and performed less accurately using length cues in rectangular environments. The results suggest that human adults prefer to rely on direct cues more than indirect cues in the reorientation process. (PsycINFO Database Record
以往关于空间重新定向的研究仅在角落呈现目标位置，结果发现成年人对角度的重视程度超过墙壁长度。我们提出，在以往的研究中，角度线索可直接使用，而长度线索必须与左右方向感相关联。因此，我们研究了线索的直接性而非线索本身是否能解释重新定向任务中的先前发现。通过在虚拟环境中导航，111名参与者接受训练以记住平行四边形房间中的目标位置，并在不同版本的训练环境中进行测试：（a）一个反向平行四边形环境，其中角度信息与墙壁长度信息相冲突；（b）一个菱形环境，仅保留训练环境中的角度信息；（c）一个矩形环境，仅保留墙壁长度信息。在本研究中，我们改变了两种线索的直接性。除了目标位置在角落的情况外，我们还设置了一种将目标位置置于墙壁中间的情况，使长度线索变得直接。结果显示，角度信息不再具有优先性，尤其是在墙壁条件下。更有趣的是，与在墙壁处进行目标位置训练的组相比，在角落进行目标位置训练的组在冲突试验中对角度线索的权重更大，并且在矩形环境中使用长度线索时表现得不够准确。结果表明，成年人类在重新定向过程中更倾向于依赖直接线索而非间接线索。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
