1 Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Work, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovak Republic.
2 Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2017 Mar;63(2):161-168. doi: 10.1177/0020764016688715. Epub 2017 Jan 23.
Suicide is a significant public health issue worldwide, resulting in loss of lives, and burdening societies.
To describe and analyze the time trends of suicide rates (SRs) in the Slovak Republic in 1993-2015 for targeted suicide prevention strategies.
Data for this study were obtained from the mortality database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Crude and standardized annual SRs were calculated. Trends and relative risks of suicide according to age and sex were analyzed by joinpoint regression and negative binomial regression.
In total, there were 14,575 suicides in the Slovak Republic in the period 1993-2015 (85.3% were men). The overall average age-standardized SR for the study period was 11.45 per 100,000 person years. The rate increases with age, the highest is in men aged 75+ (42.74 per 100,000 person years). Risk of suicide is six times higher in men than in women and nine times higher in men than in women in the age group 25-34. The time trend of SRs is stable or decreasing from 1993 to 2007, but increasing after 2007, corresponding with increased unemployment rate in the country.
The SR in the Slovak Republic is slightly below the average of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations. Highest SR is observed in men of working age and in retirement. Society might benefit from a strategy of education for improving the recognition of suicide risks.
自杀是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，导致生命损失，并给社会带来负担。
描述和分析 1993-2015 年斯洛伐克共和国自杀率（SR）的时间趋势，以制定有针对性的自杀预防策略。
本研究的数据来自斯洛伐克共和国统计局的死亡率数据库。计算了粗死亡率和标准化年自杀率。通过 Joinpoint 回归和负二项回归分析了按年龄和性别划分的自杀趋势和相对风险。
在 1993-2015 年期间，斯洛伐克共和国共有 14575 人自杀（85.3%为男性）。整个研究期间的平均年龄标准化 SR 为每 10 万人 11.45 人。该比率随年龄增长而增加，最高为 75 岁以上的男性（42.74 人/每 10 万人年）。男性自杀风险是女性的六倍，25-34 岁男性是女性的九倍。SR 的时间趋势在 1993 年至 2007 年期间稳定或下降，但 2007 年后上升，与国内失业率上升相对应。
斯洛伐克共和国的 SR 略低于经济合作与发展组织（OECD）国家的平均水平。最高的 SR 发生在有工作年龄的男性和退休人员中。社会可能受益于提高对自杀风险的认识的教育策略。
